地塞米松对老年下肢手术患者小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰椎麻醉的影响

目的：观察地塞米松对老年下肢手术患者小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰椎麻醉的影响。方法120例择期行下肢手术的老年患者,根据腰椎麻醉用药的不同均分为3组：A组注入总容积2 mL生理盐水（含布比卡因4 mg、芬太尼20μg）,同时静脉注射2 mL生理盐水;B组注入总容积2 mL生理盐水（含布比卡因4 mg、芬太尼20μg、地塞米松粉剂5 mg）,同时静脉注射2 mL生理盐水;C组注入总容积2 mL生理盐水（含布比卡因4 mg、芬太尼20μg）,同时静脉注射2 mL生理盐水溶解的5 mg地塞米松粉剂。比较3组麻醉前、后20 min内平均动脉压（ MAP）、HR;记录感觉和运动阻滞起效、消退时间及术后不良反应发生情况等。结果3组手术时间、术中补液量及出血量、使用麻黄碱及阿托品例数、麻醉起效时间、最高感觉阻滞平面及达最高平面时间、运动阻滞持续时间、不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0．05）。 B组感觉阻滞持续时间比A组和C组长（P均＜0．05）。结论蛛网膜下腔辅用地塞米松可延长老年患者下肢手术中小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰椎麻醉的感觉阻滞持续时间。     

急性高容量血液稀释对全髋关节置换术患者血浆杀菌/通透性增加蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution on expression of plasma bac-tericidaL/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 for thesia. The blood loss,blood transfusion and the time of operation were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0) ,at the begining of operation (T1) ,30 min after operation (T2) ,and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Results The blood loss and the blood transfusion in HES group were significantly lower than that of LR group[blood loss: (560±90)ml vs (810±110) ml and blood transfusion: (200±100) ml vs (600±200) ml,t=5.562 and 5.657,P<0.001]. The plasma BPI concentrations in HES group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(8.9±1.6)μg/L,(13.4±1.2)μg/L and (4.9±1.2)μg/L,P<0.05]. The plasma BPI concentrations in LR group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(7.3±1.2)μg/L,(9.9±0.8) μg/L and (5.0±1.1)μg/L,P<0.05],but were lower than those in HES group (t=2.530 and 7.674,P=0.021 and 0.001 ). Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with 200/0.5 hydroxyethyl starch can reduce blood transfusion during total hip replacement operation and also can increase the BPI level which would beneficial for the immunological function.     

比较不同神经安定类药物对离体兔气管平滑肌的影响

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维库溴铵、阿曲库铵对兔离体气管平滑肌收缩力的影响

维库溴铵、阿曲库铵为临床上常用的二种非去极化肌松药 ,这二种药物对气管平滑肌的直接影响如何尚未见报道。阿曲库铵由于不经过肝肾代谢 ,为肝肾功能不全患者首选肌松药 ,但由于其组胺释放之可能 ,又常为伴有气管高反应性的这些患者的使用带来疑虑。本实验研究二种不同浓度的维库溴铵、阿曲库铵对兔离体气管平滑肌收缩力的影响 ,旨在为临床使用提供参考依据。材料与方法新西兰大白兔体质量 2～ 3ｋｇ ,雌雄各半。用气栓法处死 ,在 10ｍｉｎ内取出气管 ,浸浴在新鲜配制的Ｋ Ｈ液中。取中下段在前正中线上纵行切断软骨环 ,剪成 5～ 8ｍｍⅹ 1…     

无创麻醉平面测定器在硬膜外麻醉中的应用

无创麻醉平面测定器是一种新型椎管内麻醉平面电子刺激器。我们用此进行硬膜外麻醉病人痛觉丧失阻滞平面测定．并与传统针刺法相比较,取得了满意效果。     

结直肠手术后认知功能障碍患者血清细胞因子的差异表达

目的应用高通量细胞因子抗体芯片筛查结直肠手术后认知功能障碍(POCD)患者血清差异表达的细胞因子并进行验证。方法 80例择期行结直肠手术患者,根据认知功能测试量表判定POCD,于手术前1 d、术后4 h取血分离血清,高通量细胞因子芯片筛查120个血清细胞因子,差异5倍以上因子经ELISA验证。结果 77例患者完成认知量表和血样采集,术后第7天,19例发生POCD。POCD患者在年龄、麻醉风险ASA分级、糖尿病发病率、受教育程度与非POCD患者有明显差异。高通量筛查出的5倍以上差异表达血清细胞因子9个,经ELISA验证结果显示:POCD患者术前白细胞介素17(IL-17)、Fas、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白3α(MIP-3α)水平明显高于非POCD患者,瘦素(leptin)明显低于非POCD患者;术后4 h血清IL-6、IL-11、IL-17、甲基受体趋化蛋白3(MCP3)、骨髓造血祖细胞抑制因子(MPIF-1)、MIP-3α明显高于非POCD患者,脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)明显低于非POCD患者。POCD患者术后4 h的IL-6、IL-17、MCP3、MPIF-1明显高于术前;非POCD患者术后4 h IL-6、IL-17明显高于术前,Fas、BDNF明显低于术前。结论结直肠手术POCD的发生伴随的血清细胞因子IL-6、IL-11、IL-17、Fas、MPIF-1、MIP-3α、MCP3、leptin、BDNF的差异表达。     

气管插管抢救严重哮喘持续状态5例报告

支气管哮喘是一种常见的气道慢性炎症性疾病，多数病人经合理的抗炎、平喘治疗、补充足够的液体和纠正酸中毒可得到缓解。但有部分病人虽经积极治疗哮喘仍持续发作，生命垂危。2000～2001年本科室采用气管插管机械通气的治疗方法配合急诊内科成功抢救5例严重哮喘持续状态伴呼吸衰竭及心功能不全患者，现报告如下。     

急性高容量血液稀释对全髋关节置换术患者血浆杀菌/通透性增加蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution on expression of plasma bac-tericidaL/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 for thesia. The blood loss,blood transfusion and the time of operation were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0) ,at the begining of operation (T1) ,30 min after operation (T2) ,and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Results The blood loss and the blood transfusion in HES group were significantly lower than that of LR group[blood loss: (560±90)ml vs (810±110) ml and blood transfusion: (200±100) ml vs (600±200) ml,t=5.562 and 5.657,P<0.001]. The plasma BPI concentrations in HES group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(8.9±1.6)μg/L,(13.4±1.2)μg/L and (4.9±1.2)μg/L,P<0.05]. The plasma BPI concentrations in LR group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(7.3±1.2)μg/L,(9.9±0.8) μg/L and (5.0±1.1)μg/L,P<0.05],but were lower than those in HES group (t=2.530 and 7.674,P=0.021 and 0.001 ). Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with 200/0.5 hydroxyethyl starch can reduce blood transfusion during total hip replacement operation and also can increase the BPI level which would beneficial for the immunological function.     

输血与免疫抑制

输血是围手术期治疗的一种手段。以往对输血不良反应的认识多局限在溶血性输血反应和疾病传播,而对输血的免疫抑制作用认识不够。近年来研究表明,输血对受体的免疫调节起重要作用。本文就围手术期输血对免疫功能的影响及可能机制综述如下。1　输血与肾移植1973年,Opelz等[1]回顾性研究了肾移植患者移植肾的存活率,发现有过输血史的人,其移植肾的存活率增加20%。其后许多研究也表明,输血可延长移植肾的存活率,并且输血的次数也影响移植物的存活率,多次输血可显著提高移植物的存活率。推测与输血导致受体免疫耐受,而降低对器官的排斥反应有关…     

氟比洛芬酯靶向镇痛对小儿扁桃体切除术苏醒时间和苏醒质量的影响

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯靶向镇痛对小儿扁桃体切除术麻醉苏醒时间和苏醒质量的影响。方法小儿扁桃体切除术40例随机均分为氟比洛芬酯术后镇痛组(F组)和对照组(C组),两组麻醉方法相同,F组在手术切皮和手术结束时分别静脉给予氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg。观察两组围术期血流动力学变化、苏醒时间、苏醒期并发症及术后镇痛评分。结果 F组在拔管前、拔管后15、min血压、心率较C组平稳(P<0.05),苏醒期躁动发生率较C组低(P<0.05),手术后24 h内镇痛效果优于C组(P<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯用于小儿麻醉术后镇痛安全有效,并可减少苏醒期躁动。