颈椎管内脊髓背侧支气管源性囊肿1例报告

椎管内支气管源性囊肿(spinal bronchiogenic cyst,或spinal bronchial cyst,SBC)少见报道.多位于脊髓腹侧髓外硬膜下~([1]).我们发现1例颈脊髓背侧SBC,报道如下:     

组织工程椎间盘体内原位植入的实验研究

目的:观察组织工程椎间盘原位植入Beagle犬腰椎间盘后支架与种子细胞的转归及犬腰椎间盘的形态与功能变化。方法:应用聚乳酸聚酯(polyL-lactic-co-glycolicacid,PLGA)可吸收多孔支架复合犬髓核细胞构建组织工程椎间盘。将18只Beagle随机分为3组,均摘除L4/5椎间盘髓核,A组单纯髓核摘除,B组植入空白PLGA支架,C组植入组织工程椎间盘。术后定期行X线片及MRI检查,分别于术后4、8及12周处死动物行组织病理及免疫组化观察。结果:全部动物术后存活。4周后,X线片示3组椎间盘高度均有下降,C组下降幅度较小,与A、B组比较有显著性差异(P0.05);A组和B组手术节段屈伸活动度(ROM)明显大于C组(P0.05);MRI示A组与B组椎间盘退变明显,呈"黑间盘"改变,而C组椎间盘退变程度较轻,呈灰色,MRIT2加权像上椎间盘信号灰度值测量结果示A、B组明显低于C组(P0.05)。术后4周B、C组组织学观察未见到支架材料结构,A、B组椎间盘内纤维组织增生形成瘢痕样组织,C组于术后8周仍能观察到植入的红色荧光细胞,有大量类软骨细胞增生伴丰富的细胞外基质。术后8周免疫组化显示三组均有Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原着色,其中C组Ⅱ型胶原染色强度高于Ⅰ型,A、B组Ⅰ型胶原染色强度高于Ⅱ型。结论:PLGA组织工程椎间盘支架在体内可降解吸收;种子细胞可存活并分泌Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原,能阻止纤维组织侵入及瘢痕形成;维持了脊柱节段稳定及生理活动功能。     

空心螺钉治疗距骨颈骨折脱位23例疗效分析

距骨颈骨折脱位作为足部最严重的损伤之一,几乎占距骨骨折的50%[1],随着交通及建筑业的发展,距骨颈骨折脱位有逐渐增多的趋势。我院自1995年3月至2005年2月收治此类患者23例,其中19例给予手术治疗,现报告如下。1临床资料本组23例,男14例,女9例;年龄21~47岁,平均35.6岁。受伤原因:车祸伤10例,高处坠落伤7例,压砸伤4例,行走时扭伤2例。开放性损伤7例,闭合性16例。按Hawkin[2]分型:Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ1例。伤后至手术时间2h~6d,平均3.1d。2治疗方法非移位的4例距骨颈Ⅰ型骨折患者行石膏外固定6~8周,不负重关节功能锻炼,3个月扶拐下地…     

强化精氨酸肠内营养对烧伤患者营养状况和细胞免疫的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of arginine enriched enteral nutrition (EN) on nu-tritional status and cellular immunity of severely burned patients. Methods Randomized, single blind, parallel and positive control investigation was employed in the study. Thirty severely burned patients were di-vided into enteral immune nutrition (EIN) group and EN group. Sixteen patients in EIN group received en-teral nutrition enriched with arginine, while the other 14 patients in EN group received standard enteral nu-trition. Nutritional support was continued for 14 days. Gastrointestinal reaction of patients in 2 groups was observed. Fasting venous blood was drawn from patients of both groups before receiving nutrition treatment and on the morning of 7th, 14th day of treatment. Level of serum protein, hepatic function parameters, renal function parameters, fasting-blood glucose, and subpopulations of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined. Results (1) Incidence of gastrointestinal side effect in EIN group (25.0%) was close to that of EN group (21.4% , P>0.05). (2) Compared with pre-treatment days, levels of prealbumin and transferrin in serum of patients in 2 groups on 7th and 14th post-treatment days were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between 2 groups. The level of total serum protein on 14th day of treatment of patients was significantly increased in both groups, and that of EIN group (66±7 g/L)was significantly higher compared with that in EN group (64 ± 11 g/L, P<0.05). The level of serum albumin (29±5, 32±5 g/L, respectively) of patients in EIN group on 7th and 14th day of treat-ment were significantly higher than that (26±4 g/L, P <0.05) in pre-treatment days, however there was no significant difference in EN group. (3) There was no significant difference in respect of hepatic function, renal function, and fasting-blood glucose between pre-treatment and post-treatment periods in both groups (P>0.05). (4) The ratio of CD4+ , CD8+ on 14th day of treatment in EIN group was close to that of pre-treatment level. In EN group, cell percentage of CD4+ significantly decreased, while that of CD8+ significantly increased (P<0.05), and CD4+ was significantly higher [(56±8) %] in EIN group than that in EN group [(55±12) % , P <0.05]. In both groups, cell percentage of CD3+ was significantly higher than that in pre-treatment days (P<0.05), while there was no obvious change in CD4+/CD8+. Conclusions Arginine enriched enteral nutrition can effectively improve nutritional status and cellular immune function of burn patients.     

椎板后壁部分刮除辅助透视行颈椎弓根钻孔

目的探索椎板后壁部分刮除辅助透视行下颈椎椎弓根钻孔的可行性。方法3具新鲜尸体下颈椎的30例椎弓根，透视确定椎弓根轴线所在高度，将此高度侧块与椎板后壁交界内外侧各5mm范围内的皮质骨去除，刮除其下松质骨，先暴露出内侧的椎板前壁，后紧贴椎板前壁向外侧刮除，找到椎弓根入口。根据内倾角确定入口外侧骨质去除范围，以椎弓根内壁为参照，透视确定上倾角，行髓腔钻孔。CT扫描明确钻孔准确性。结果1例髓腔消失，放弃钻孔；27例钻孔准确；2例髓腔〈3mm，椎弓根外壁向外侧移位，但〈2mm。结论椎板后壁部分刮除辅助透视行下颈椎椎弓根髓腔钻孔效果满意。     

首发精神分裂症血清脂联素及代谢指标与第二代抗精神病药引发肥胖相关性研究

目的通过检测首发精神分裂症患者(first-episode schizophrenic patients,FEP)服用第二代抗精神病药物(second generation antipsychotics,SGAs)8周前后的血清脂联素(adiponectin,APN)及代谢相关指标水平,探讨SGAs对首发精神分裂症患者APN的影响以及APN在SGAs引发肥胖中的作用。方法选取86例首发未服药的精神分裂症患者,及88名性别年龄相匹配的正常对照,患者组使用单一SGAs治疗8周,测定患者组治疗前、治疗8周末及对照组的体重、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)及空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、APN、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)等指标。结果患者组在治疗前APN水平低于对照组[(9.32±0.76)μg/m L vs.(10.9±0.66)μg/m L],FINS水平高于对照组[(12.68±11.70)μIU/m L vs.(6.47±2.87)μIU/m L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,患者组SGAs治疗8周后体重[(59.01±10.56)kg vs.(63.80±9.78)kg]、BMI[(21.74±3.57)kg/m2vs.(23.49±3.44)kg/m2]、WHR[(0.88±0.07)vs.(0.92±0.05)]、TG[(0.94±0.92)mmol/L vs.(1.63±1.08)mmol/L]和FINS水平[(12.68±11.70)μIU/m L vs.(20.27±15.02)μIU/m L]增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),而患者组治疗后APN[(9.32±0.76)μg/m L vs.(8.03±0.68)μg/m L]及FPG[(5.04±1.01)mmol/L vs.(4.46±0.57)mmol/L]水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在男性患者组中,基线APN水平与治疗后体重增加值呈正相关(r=0.548,P=0.005),女性患者组中该相关无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者在治疗前APN水平降低,SGAs可进一步降低患者APN水平;在男性患者中,基线APN水平对服药后的体重增加有预测作用。     

早期普通X线片正常的股骨粗隆间骨折一例

对股骨粗隆间骨折,极少早期X线片会显示阴性.笔者2009年6月收治1例股骨粗隆间骨折早期X线片正常而延误诊治的患者.现报告如下.     

扩散加权成像诊断散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病价值

目的评价扩散加权成像(DWI)对散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析21例临床诊断为很可能Creutzfeldt-Jakob病患者临床和MRI资料,总结其DWI特征。结果21例散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病患者DWI表现为大脑皮质"飘带"样高信号、尾状核和(或)豆状核高信号。异常信号发生部位以大脑皮质合并基底节区最常见(16例,76.19%),单纯皮质受累3例(14.29%)、单纯基底节区受累2例(9.52%);大脑皮质病灶中以额叶受累最常见(15例,78.95%),其次依次为顶叶(13例,68.42%)、颞叶(12例,63.16%)和枕叶(9例,47.37%)。与常规MRI相比,DWI显示病灶更清晰,病灶部位表观扩散系数值下降。21例中5例随访时,DWI高信号强度和范围有所变化,仅1例异常信号范围缩小。结论散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病的DWI表现具有一定特异性,推荐作为拟诊散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病的检查方法。     

干扰素α-2b联合5-氟尿嘧啶对肝癌细胞株HepG2生物活性的影响

目的观察干扰素α-2b联合5－氟尿嘧啶（5－Fu）对肝癌细胞株HepG2在体外的杀伤抑制作用,同时检测药物作用后肝癌细胞突变型P53的表达情况。方法用不同浓度的干扰素α-2b（100、500、1000、2000U／ml）和5－Fu（10μg／ml）联合对肝癌细胞株作用不同时间（24、48、72h）,用单四唑（MTT）法检测细胞生长抑制率,进而运用PV－9000二步法对突变型P53表达情况进行测定。结果干扰素α-2b和5-Fu联合效果明显优于单用,并与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。经药物处理后,突变型P53表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论干扰素α-2b和5-氟尿嘧啶能有效抑制肝癌细胞的生长,导致突变型P53因子表达的下调而发挥作用。     

局部注射糖皮质激素引起骨关节损伤2例报告

肾上腺糖皮质激素应用于临床已有40年历史。因其具有抗炎、抗毒、抗过敏、抗休克和免疫抑制等方面的作用,对于某种疾病具有明显的疗效,在临床上应用较广。但如不能严格掌握适应症、禁忌症、剂量、次数、疗程、间隙时间以及注射部位,滥用会给患者带来严重不良后果。我们近期收治了2例糖皮质激素局部注射致胫骨平台内缘发生坏死的病例,现报告如下。