小儿电子致密物沉积病一例

电子致密物沉积病（DDD）一直归属膜增殖性肾小球肾炎（MPGN）Ⅱ型，后来发现其与补体代谢障碍无关，1995年WHO肾小球疾病病理学分类中，已将其列入了代谢异常性肾疾病。病理特征性改变为电镜下肾小球毛细血管基底膜内大量条带状电子致密物沉积。自1998年我国台湾省首次报道2例DDD以来，国内散在病例报道总共十余例，我科收治1例DDD患儿，报告如下。     

近期欧美肾性贫血诊疗指南的解读与思考

2004年欧洲发布了《欧洲慢性肾衰竭患者贫血治疗最佳实践指南》（European Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure，EBPG），这是欧洲肾脏病学会及欧洲透析移植学会（ERA-EDTA）于1999年发布第一版指南后的修订版。     

牛磺酸与肾脏

牛磺酸是正常存在于体内的自由氨基酸 ,具有广泛的生物学效应 ,在肾脏可能发挥调节髓质肾小管细胞内外渗透压平衡作用。牛磺酸对多种肾脏病模型具有防治作用 ,可能与直接膜稳定作用及抗脂质过氧化损伤相关。     

膜攻击复合物及其在肾脏疾病中的作用

本文对膜攻击复合物(MAC)的基础研究作简要介绍,主要就晚近 MAC 在肾脏疾病领域内的研究进展作较详尽的描述。     

慢性缺血性肾脏疾病的诊断与治疗(二)

小动脉性肾硬化症是高血压的肾脏并发症,为西方国家患者导致终末期肾功能衰竭的第二位疾病（约占25%）,我国发病率也在日趋增多。本病可分为良性小动脉性肾硬化症(benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis)及恶性小动脉性肾硬化症(malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis)两种。     

内皮素在大鼠系膜增生性肾小球肾炎中的表达

目的 研究内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）在系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（ＭｓＰＧＮ）模型中的表达。方法 以小鼠抗大鼠Ｔｈｙ１．１单克隆抗体单次尾静脉注射诱导的大鼠ＭｓＰＧＮ模型,,病理观察分析该模型的系膜细胞和系膜基质增生;Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析肾小有内此素（ｐｐＥＴ－１）ｍＲＮＡ表达水平;放射免疫分析（ＲＩＡ）测定肾小球ＥＴ－１蛋白水平。结果 在大鼠ＭｓＰＧＮ模型中,第２ｄ系膜细胞溶解消失,第４ｄ系膜细胞增生     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

利福平过敏致急性肾小管坏死二例

例一 女,３７岁．入院前２５ｄ于当地医院被诊为“肺结核”,服用利福平等抗结核药 用药第２ｄ自停利福平,７ｄ后重新服用,眼后２ｈ出现寒战、发烧、恶心、呕吐、上腹痛、皮肤黄染．当地医院化验尿蛋白＋＋＋,糖＋,潜血＋＋＋;Ｈｂ６０～１０５ｇ／Ｌ．Ｐｌｔ（１５～２２）×１０～９／Ｌ,尿量＜１００ｍｌ／ｄ,ＡＳＴ １０５ Ｕ／Ｌ,Ｔ．Ｂｉｌ １４８．６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｄ－Ｂｉｌ ８０．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,血清淀粉酶８１２ ｎｋａｔ／Ｌ,Ｓｃｒ ７００ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＢＵＮ ４２．９７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,给予规律血液透析,并子地…