应用光学相干断层扫描量化评估糖尿病黄斑水肿的临床研究

目的 探讨糖尿病黄斑水肿患者在光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)中四个量化指标的变化.方法 纳入糖尿病视网膜病变患者89例(155眼),按照有无黄斑水肿分为阳性组(33例55眼)及阴性组(56例100眼),另收集正常志愿者23例(42眼)为正常对照组.所有试验对象经OCT检查,测量并分析各组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central retinal thickness,CRT)、黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(subfoveal choroidal thickness,SFCT)的差异,观察各组黄斑区外界膜(external limiting membrane,ELM)、椭圆体带(inner segment/outer segment,IS/OS)的连续性.结果 正常对照组、阴性组、阳性组CRT分别为(219.048±16.798) μm、(217.775±26.866) μm、(280.418±74.187)μm,3组间差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.001);3组SFCT分别为(312.893±140.559) μm、(302.080±125.287) μm、(293.745±140.517) μm,3组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.781);阴性组中黄斑区ELM连续97眼、中断3眼,阳性组连续47眼、中断8眼,两组间ELM连续性差异有统计学意义(P=0.019);阴性组中黄斑区IS/OS连续95眼、中断5眼,阳性组连续36眼、中断19眼,两组间IS/OS连续性差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 糖尿病黄斑水肿患者CRT增加,黄斑区ELM、IS/OS连续性遭到破坏,CRT、ELM连续性及IS/OS连续性可用于量化评估糖尿病黄斑水肿.     

国外儿童青少年精神分裂症治疗研究进展

本文综述了药物治疗儿童青少年精神分裂症的研究进展,并对药物副作用、安全性和耐受性作了详尽介绍.     

Rosiglitazone down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells through a NF-κB dependent mechanism

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism by which PPARγ ligand, rosiglitasone, regulates the expression of CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods RPMCs were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rat peritoneal cavity and maintained under defined in vitro conditions. The cells were randomly divided into groups as follows: medium, LPS (5 mg/L), LPS (5 mg/L)+BAY11-7085(5 μmol/L, NF-κB inhibitor), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L or 20 μmol/L, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activator), LPS (5 mg/L)+rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L)+GW9662 (3 μmol/L, peroxisome proliferator-aetivatcd receptor γ antagonist), and LPS (5 mg/L)+vehicle (DMSO 0.2 ml/L). The expressions of CD40 and ICAM-1 RNA in RPMCs were examined by RT-PCR after 3 hour treatment, and the protein expressions of CD40, ICAM-1, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα were examined by Western blot or immunofluorescence after 24 hour treatment. Results Following treatment with LPS, both the expressions of CD40 and ICAM-1 protein in RPMCs were up-regulated significantly (P<0.05), and the phosphoralation of p65 was increased greatly (1.10±0.17 vs 0.55±0.06, P<0.05). BAY11-7085 (5 μmol/L) significantly decreased the protein expression of p-p65 (0.22±0.11 vs 1.10±0.17, P<0.01), CD40 (0.34±0.02 vs 0.50±0.06, P<0.05) and ICAM-1 (0.35±0.16 vs 0.74±0.03, P<0.05). Pretreated with rosiglitazone for 3 h then added with LPS for 1 h, the levels of p-p65, CD40 and ICAM-1 in RPMCs were significantly decreased compared with those of LPS group (0.77±0.08 vs 0.90±0.10, P相似文献   

透出液蛋白丢失与连续性非卧床腹膜透析患者营养不良-炎性反应-动脉硬化综合征的相关性

Objective To investigate the impact of peritoneal albumin leakage on malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of a cohort of 130 CAPD patients without edema or active infection was performed. In order to identify peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD patients, a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was carried out. For malnutrition and inflammation, serum albumin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured. Mean-carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) was used to determine atherosclerosis. Residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) was defined as the average of 24-hour urinary urea and creatinine clearances. Results Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis showed that peritoneal albumin leakage amount was positively correlated with age, body mass index, night dwell time, blood glucose, 4 h D/P creatinine levels and hs-CRP levels (r=0.204, P<0.05 ;r=0.314, P<0.01; r=0.265, P<0.01; r=0.212, P<0.05; r=0.401, P<0.01; r=0.216, P<0.05); whereas it was negatively correlated with diastolic perssure, serum albumin levels, glucose level of dialyzate and peritoneal Kt/V (r=-0.209, P<0.05; r=-0.123, P<0.05; r=-0.271, P<0.01; r=-0.212, P<0.01). Overall, there was no correlation between peritoneal albumin leakage and IMT. Patients was significantly greater (P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between peritoneal albumin leakage amount and IMT (r=0.650, P<0.01). Conclusions Peritoneal albumin leakage is significantly associated with peritoneal transport characteristics, malnutrition and inflammatory state in CAPD patients. High peritoneal albumin leakage amount is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with rGFR less than 1 ml·min-1(1.73 m2)-1.     

反义骨调素寡核苷酸对大鼠肾系膜细胞骨调素mRNA表达及细胞黏附能力的影响

目的 观察反义骨词素(OPN)寡核苷酸(AS—ODN)对大鼠肾系膜细胞(1097)骨调素mRNA表达及细胞黏附功能的影响。方法 针对OPN的cDNA序列设计合成一条与OPNcDNA序列互补的AS—ODN，所有碱基均经硫代修饰并将寡核苷酸与阳离子脂质体(DOTAP)结合。不同浓度寡核苷酸处理1097细胞48h，用Trizol试剂提取细胞总RNA。采用RNA斑点杂交和RT-PCR技术检测OPNmRNA的表达。采用胶原凝胶黏附法检测细胞的黏附功能。结果 在无血清条件下培养，1097细胞OPNmRNA表达水平很低，加入小牛血清后，其OPNmRNA表达水平明显上调。反义OPN寡核苷酸处理的1097细胞OPNmRNA表达水平较低，明显低于1640培养基对照组，且具有AS-ODN的浓度依赖性，其最低抑制浓度为2．5μmol／L。而经顺义OPN寡核苷酸或错义OPN寡核苷酸处理的1097细胞OPNmRNA表达水平仍然较高，无明显抑制作用。反义OPN寡核苷酸处理的细胞黏附胶原凝胶的能力较弱，易被洗涤下来；而顺义或错义OPN寡核苷酸处理的细胞黏附凝胶的能力仍然较强。结论 小牛血清能诱导大鼠肾系膜细胞OPN的上调。反义OPN寡核苷酸能特异性地抑制大鼠肾系膜细胞OPNmRNA的表达和对胶原凝胶的黏附能力。     

透出液蛋白丢失与连续性非卧床腹膜透析患者营养不良-炎性反应-动脉硬化综合征的相关性

Objective To investigate the impact of peritoneal albumin leakage on malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of a cohort of 130 CAPD patients without edema or active infection was performed. In order to identify peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD patients, a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was carried out. For malnutrition and inflammation, serum albumin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured. Mean-carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) was used to determine atherosclerosis. Residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) was defined as the average of 24-hour urinary urea and creatinine clearances. Results Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis showed that peritoneal albumin leakage amount was positively correlated with age, body mass index, night dwell time, blood glucose, 4 h D/P creatinine levels and hs-CRP levels (r=0.204, P<0.05 ;r=0.314, P<0.01; r=0.265, P<0.01; r=0.212, P<0.05; r=0.401, P<0.01; r=0.216, P<0.05); whereas it was negatively correlated with diastolic perssure, serum albumin levels, glucose level of dialyzate and peritoneal Kt/V (r=-0.209, P<0.05; r=-0.123, P<0.05; r=-0.271, P<0.01; r=-0.212, P<0.01). Overall, there was no correlation between peritoneal albumin leakage and IMT. Patients was significantly greater (P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between peritoneal albumin leakage amount and IMT (r=0.650, P<0.01). Conclusions Peritoneal albumin leakage is significantly associated with peritoneal transport characteristics, malnutrition and inflammatory state in CAPD patients. High peritoneal albumin leakage amount is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with rGFR less than 1 ml·min-1(1.73 m2)-1.     

胎儿脐血清β2-微球蛋白在产前评估胎儿肾功能的探讨

目的 探讨胎儿脐血清β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-m)对胎儿肾功能的评估价值。方法 用放射免疫法分别检测13例产前B超诊断为泌尿系畸形胎儿及34例经产前诊断正常胎儿的脐血清中β_2-m含量。结果 正常对照组胎儿血清β_2-m为(4.21±0.61)mg/L,泌尿系畸形胎儿血清β_2-m为(6.27±3.26)mg/L,两组β_2-m水平差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论 妊娠18～40周正常胎儿血清β_2-m水平不随孕周变化;泌尿系畸形胎儿血清β_2-m升高预示肾小球滤过率降低,有望成为评估胎儿肾功能的一项指标。     

Smad7对终末期糖基化产物介导大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化及Ⅰ型胶原合成的影响

目的 探讨Smad7对终末期糖基化产物(AGE)介导肾小管上皮细胞转分化及Ⅰ型胶原合成的影响.方法 Tet-on质粒系统构建表达Smad7的正常大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)株,通过强力霉素(Dox)上调Smad7的表达,以细胞免疫化学、RT-PCR或Western印迹技术观察Smad7对AGE介导NRK52E细胞磷酸化(P)Smad2/3核转位、及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)、E-钙黏着糖蛋白(cadherin)和Ⅰ型胶原mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.结果 Smad7转染的NRK52E细胞以剂量依赖方式受Dox调控.Smad7的高表达可抑制AGE介导的30 min(68.3%vs31.2%,P＜0.01)和24h(69.8%vs28.7%,P＜0.01)P-Smad2/3的核转位水平;明显下调α-SMA、Ⅰ型胶原mRNA和蛋白的表达,上调E-钙黏着糖蛋白mRNA和蛋白的表达.结论 Smad7通过抑制Smad信号通路活化,阻抑AGE介导的肾小管上皮细胞向肌成纤维母细胞转分化和Ⅰ型胶原的合成.     

狼疮样肾炎鼠白细胞介素-17的表达及其作用研究初探

目的　了解狼疮样肾炎鼠白细胞介素 17(IL 17)的表达及其作用。方法　建立一种狼疮样肾炎动物模型即鼠慢性移植物抗宿主病 (cGVHD)模型 ,用放射免疫法测定尿白蛋白水平 ;用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)法测定血、尿IL 17水平 ;用免疫组织化学方法检测IL 17蛋白在肾组织的表达 ;用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)分析肾组织IL 17mRNA的表达。结果　模型鼠组较对照鼠组血IL 17水平不高 ,尿IL 17水平明显升高 [(2 2± 6 7) pg/ml比 (3 1± 2 1)pg/ml];肾小球毛细血管襻、部分系膜细胞、肾小管和间质浸润的单个核细胞均有IL 17蛋白表达 ;肾组织IL 17mRNA水平明显升高 (0 34± 0 15比 0 ) ,且肾组织IL 17+ 细胞数明显增多 [Ng :(2 5± 8)cell/gcs比 0 ;Nt:(2 3± 8)cell/mm2 比 0 ];模型鼠肾组织中IL 17+ 细胞数与尿白蛋白和尿IL 17水平呈明显正相关。结论　IL 17在狼疮样肾炎鼠肾组织表达明显增加 ,并在其发病中可能起重要作用。     

Defensinα1-3在狼疮肾炎患者肾组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨defensin α1-3在不同病理类型狼疮肾炎(LN)肾组织中的表达及意义.方法收集47例LN患者的肾活检的肾组织,包括世界卫生组织(WHO)Ⅱ型7例、Ⅲ型6例、Ⅳ型29例、Ⅴ型5例,以及11例泌尿外科手术切除的远离肿瘤的肾皮质区的肾组织作为正常对照,使用defensin α1-3单克隆抗体进行免疫组织化学染色,定量分析defensin α1-3在各个病理类型LN肾组织及正常肾组织中的表达及分布,并分别与相应的增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、肾小球病变活动指数(GAI)和肾间质病变活动指数(TIAI)进行相关性的分析.结果各个病理类型LN肾组织及正常肾组织的肾小球、肾间质中均有defensin α1-3的表达,其中肾小球的defensin α 1-3的表达在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型LN组明显高于正常对照组,肾间质中defensin α1-3表达在Ⅳ型LN组高于其他类型的各组及正常对照组.Ⅳ型LN组的肾小球区域的defensin α1-3的表达与Ⅳ型LN组的肾小球区域的PCNA阳性细胞数(r=0.785,P＜0.05)、及GAI评分之间(r=0.749,P＜0.05)呈正性线性相关.Ⅳ型LN组的肾间质的defensin α 1-3的表达与其TIAI之间呈正性线性相关(r=0.767,P＜0.01).结论defensin α 1-3可能参与了Ⅳ型LN的发病.