Wistar大鼠期切创创壁肌肉的透射电镜观察

目的：探讨早期切创创壁肌肉损伤病变及发展过程,为法医学鉴定早期损伤时间提供病理学基础。方法：用手术刀切开Wistar大鼠大腿肌肉,分别于即刻、1分钟、5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、45分钟及60分钟与死后不同时间作对照,在电镜下观察其形态改变。结果：即刻时透射电镜观察肌肉未见异常;损伤1分钟、5分钟和15分钟时透射电镜观察肌肉,线粒体水肿空泡化从无到有,肌原纤维小灶性坏死随时间推移逐渐加重,肌原纤维间隙增宽越来越明显。损伤30分钟、45扮钟和60分钟时,线粒体水肿空泡化更加严重,嵴消失,肌原纤维缩短呈波浪状改变,坏死、断裂并浓缩成块状,肌丝排列紊乱。核异质多,不规则,核周出现空泡,染色质均质化,肌浆见大量不等空泡,肌纤维大量坏死。死后损伤超生反应及波浪状改变以15分钟时段最为明显。结论：提示早期创壁肌肉损伤后不同时间各有其形态学特征,这为早期损伤时间推断的法医学鉴定提供了病理形态基础。     

心力衰竭使心脏猝死的防治对策研究

目的：探讨终末期心力衰竭时心脏性猝死的防治措施。方法：分析药物、埋藏式心脏复律除颤器（ICD）以及心脏再同步治疗及心律转复除颤系统（CRT—D）对预防终末期心力衰竭时心脏性猝死。结果：药物是心力衰竭引发猝死的防治基础;ICD可用于缺血性心肌病或非缺血性心肌病心力衰竭病人心脏性猝死的一级以及二级预防;CRT—D也可降低猝死的发生率。结论：药物、ICD和CRT—D能有效地预防和治疗心力衰竭所导致的猝死。     

全髋关节置换扩大后路软组织修补关节囊切开线的解剖学研究

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomic feature of the posterior hip joint capsule and its distributional difference of collagen fibers and to probe the optimization of the capsulotomy which can reserve the best strength part. METHODS: Ten adult cadaver pelvises (6 males and 4 females, aged 28-64 years) fixed with formalin were used. Ten right hips were used for anatomical experiment of hip joint capsule. The posterior hip joint capsules were divided into 3 sectors (I-III sectors) and 9 parts (I(A-C), II(D-F), III(G-I). The average thickness of each part was measured and the ischiofemorale ligaments were observed. Five capsules selected from ten left hips were used for histological experiment. The content of collagen fibers in sector I and sector II was analyzed by Masson's staining. Two fresh frozen specimens which were voluntary contributions were contrasted with the fixed specimens. The optimal incision line of the posterior capsule was designed and used. RESULTS: The thickness in the posterior hip joint capsule [I(A) (2.30 +/- 0.40), I(B) (4.68 +/- 0.81), I(C) (2.83 +/- 0.69), II(D) (2.80 +/- 0.79), II(E) (4.22 +/- 1.33), II(F) (2.50 +/- 0.54), III(G) (1.57 +/- 0.40), III(H) (2.60 +/- 0.63), III(I) (1.31 +/- 0.28) mm] had no uniformity (P < 0.01). The III(G) part and the III(I) part were thinner than the I(B) part and the II(E) part (P < 0.01). Two weaker parts located at obturator externus sector (sector III), the ischiofemorale ligament trunk went through two thicker parts (I(B) and II(E)). The distribution of the collagen fibers in sector I and sector II(I(A) 20.34% +/- 5.14%, I(B) 48.79% +/- 12.67%, I(C) 19.87% +/- 5.21%, II(D) 17.57% +/- 3.56%, II(E) 46.76% +/- 11.47%, II(F) 28.65% +/- 15.79%) had no uniformity (P < 0.01). The content of collagen fibers in I(B) part and II(E) part were more than that of other parts (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant difference in the distribution feature of the thickness and the ischiofemorale ligaments between the fresh frozen specimens and the fixed specimens. The optimal incision line C-A-B-D-E of the posterior capsule was designed and put into clinical application. The remaining capsular flap comprise the most of the ischiofemorale ligament trunk and the part of gluteus minimus. CONCLUSION: Although enhanced posterior soft tissue repair in total hip arthroplasty was investigated deeply and obtained great development, but the postoperative dislocation rate was not eliminated. It is significant for optimizing the capsulotomy to reserve the best strength part of the posterior capsule and to bring into full play the function of the ischiofemorale ligaments.     

原色原形病理标本改良制作法

原色标本对提高教学质量有一定帮助。根据文献，其制作方法有８种之多。作者参考文献，不断摸索，创作了既原色又原形的标本，兹介绍如下。１试剂配制１．１第一液标本固定液：９５％酒精３００ｍｌ、１０％福尔马林液３００ｍｌ、醋酸钾１００ｇ、蒸馏水加至１０００ｍｌ...     

番茄红素对铁负荷大鼠肝细胞增殖和自噬的保护作用

<正>番茄红素(lycopene)是类胡萝卜素的一种,因最早发现于番茄中得名,有极强的清除自由基能力,预防和修复细胞损伤等。铁元素由于独特的化学反应活性,在能量代谢、细胞增殖和DNA修复中起重要所用。而机体过多的自由铁却通     

番茄红素对慢性铁负荷大鼠肝细胞自噬的保护作用

目的 :探讨番茄红素对慢性铁负荷大鼠肝细胞自噬的影响。方法:通过饲喂高铁饲料和灌胃番茄红素的方法构建SD慢性铁负荷模型,采用铁染色和透射电镜方法观察肝组织细胞的形态结构及其超微结构的变化,采用免疫组化方法观察肝组织切片中LC3-B蛋白的表达。结果:慢性铁负荷组与对照组及番茄红素组动物比较,肝细胞中有大量铁蛋白颗粒累积,线粒体和内质网膜膨胀,胞质中形成自噬前体,LC3-B微管相关蛋白有较强表达。结论:番茄红素能降低肝细胞中铁诱导线粒体膜的改变和细胞的自噬,具有一定的保护作用。     

NF-κBp50、p53、Bcl-2在子宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与人乳头瘤病毒感染的关系

目的探讨子宫颈癌组织中NF-κBp50、p53、Bcl-2的表达及其与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学S—P法对46例子宫颈癌、26例正常子宫颈组织进行NF-κBp50、p53、Bcl-2蛋白检测；用PCR技术对各组织标本的HPV—DNA进行了检测。结果NF-κBp50、p53、Bcl-2蛋白在子宫颈癌组织中的表达率显著高于正常对照组（．P〈O．01）。NF-κBp50与p53或Bcl-2之间的表达具有相关性（P〈0．05），p53与Bcl-2之间无相关意义（P〉0．05）。在HPV—DNA阳性子宫颈癌组织中NF-κBp50的阳性率显著高于阴性组（P〈0．05）。p53、Bcl-2的阳性率在HPV—DNA阳性和阴性组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论NF-κBp50、p53、Bcl-2的表达与子宫颈癌的发病有密切关系，HPV感染与NF-κBp50活化有关。     

地塞米松对庆大霉素和丁胺卡那霉素所致豚鼠耳毒性的保护作用

目的：观察地塞米松能否拮抗庆大霉素和丁胺卡那霉素所致的耳毒性。方法：取听力正常的豚鼠50只，雌雄各半，随机分为5组：庆大霉素组；丁胺卡那霉素组；庆大霉素 地塞米松组；丁胺卡那霉素 地塞米松组和生理盐水对照组。用药2wk后饲养1wk，检查中耳粘膜反应、眼震抑制率及耳蜗的形态学变化。结果：庆大霉素 地塞米松组与庆大霉素组比较；丁胺卡那霉素 地塞米松组与丁胺卡那霉素组相比有显著性差异。结论：地塞米松对庆大霉素与丁胺卡那霉素所造成的耳毒性有明显的保护作用。     

病态窦房结综合征36例临床分析

目的：探讨病窦综合征的心电图诊断方法。方法：对36病窦综合征患者的心电图及窦房结功能试验进行分析。结果：心电图表现为三型,阿托品试验阳性率可达90%以上。结论：阿托品试验仍是基层医院病窦综合征患者重要诊断方法之一。     

老年人近期感染与心绞痛发作的158例分析

目的：研究老年人近期感染是否增加心绞痛发作次数及近期感染是否影响老年人心绞痛药物治疗疗效。方法：选择存在近期感染的76例心绞痛住院患者及不存在近期感染的82例心绞痛住院患者,观察两周的心绞痛发作次数,再给予药物治疗心绞痛,观察两组患者的药物治疗疗效。结果：未用药前存在近期感染的心绞痛患者两周内心绞痛发作次数明显高于不存在近期感染的心绞痛患者,给予药物治疗心绞痛后,存在近期感染的心绞痛患者心绞痛发作减少次数明显少于不存在近期感染患者心绞痛发作减少次数。可见心绞痛同时又有近期感染的病人应重视抗感染治疗。