中枢神经系统感染280例的类型与病原菌分布

目的 :了解引起中枢神经系统感染的病原菌分布和流行病学趋势。方法 :对我院 1983年 1月至 1999年 12月间明确诊断脑膜炎的病例进行回顾性分析。结果 :共有 2 80例脑膜炎 ,其中细菌性脑膜炎 2 4 6例、真菌性脑膜炎 2 2例、结核性脑膜炎12例。在 2 2 2例原发性细菌脑膜炎中球菌占绝大多数 (6 9.4 % ) ,主要致病菌是 :脑膜炎奈瑟菌占 33.7%、金黄色葡萄球菌占14 .0 %、肺炎链球菌占 7.4 % ,这 3种致病菌发病例数呈下降趋势。在医院感染 2 4例细菌性脑膜炎中以革兰阴性杆菌占大多数 (6 3.0 % ) ,肺炎克雷伯菌 (2 2 .2 % )占首位 ,且医院感染发病例数呈上升趋势。结论 :原发性脑膜炎和医院感染脑膜炎的病原菌存在明显差异。医院感染脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎和真菌性脑膜炎发病呈上升趋势。     

防治尘螨危害方法研究概述

尘螨可引起多种变态反应性疾病,尘螨防治是一个世界性难题。本文针对减少活螨的数量、降低螨类过敏原水平、减少或降低人类对前二者的暴露机会和水平等防治策略及发展动态研究进行了概述。     

微探头共聚焦激光显微内镜临床应用进展

微探头共聚焦激光显微内镜(pCLE)是一种新型的消化内镜诊断技术,可将组织放大1000倍,能同时观察组织表面形态学结构和细胞甚至亚细胞水平,提高了普通自光内镜的病理诊断速度和准确性,达到了实时"光学活检"的目的。pCLE通过内镜钳道进入体腔进行检查,较整合式共聚焦激光显微内镜具有更广泛的应用范围,在消化系统疾病的诊断中具有重要价值。本文就pCLE的临床应用进展作一综述。     

Th17相关细胞因子在大鼠实验性根尖周炎表达的研究

目的辅助性T细胞17（Th17）是-种CD4阳性T细胞新亚群,本研究探讨Th17相关细胞因子与根尖周炎的炎症反应及牙槽骨破坏的关系。方法选取5周龄雄性Wistar大鼠,实验组用球钻将下颌第1磨牙开髓,根管锉清理牙髓,髓腔暴露于口腔中,14d后断颈处死。以未开髓的上颌第1磨牙作为对照组。取上下颌骨,采用Micro—CT观察根尖病损的形成情况;实验组和对照组标本均为6例,标本固定、脱钙,冰冻切片、组织学方法观察根尖病损的特点,采用抗CD68和抗TCRαβ的单克隆抗体进行免疫组化;用酶组织化学染色（TRAP染色）进行破骨细胞染色;实验组和对照组根尖组织提取总RNA,RT-PCR及荧光实时定量PCR方法定量检测根尖组织中Th17相关细胞因子IL-17、IL-23、IL-β、IL-6、TGF—β,以及破骨细胞分化因子RANKL的mRNA表达情况。结果Micro．CT显示,14d实验组有明显的根尖病损形成;组织学结果表明,实验组均存在根尖脓肿,有大量中性粒细胞、CD68阳性的巨噬细胞和散在的TCRctl3阳性T细胞浸润;病损骨面有较多的TRAP阳性破骨细胞,表明有活跃的骨吸收;RT—PCR及实时定量PCR结果显示,实验组根尖组织中Th17相关细胞因子IL-17、IL-23、IL1β、IL-6,及破骨细胞分化因子RANKL的mRNA均显著高于对照组,而TGF-β无显著性变化。结论Th17相关细胞因子在实验性根尖周炎中均有高表达,提示它们可能参与炎症过程和骨破坏。     

长春市某小学7～12岁儿童福赛斯坦氏菌和中间普氏菌分布状态调查

Objective To detect the presence of Tannerella forsythus(Tf)and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the oral plaque samples from children and investigate the relationship between bacteria and clinical parameters. Methods A total of 151 children aged 7 to 12 years were selected from Changchun primary school. The supragingival plaque sample was collected from the mesiobuccal and labial surfaces of the right maxillary central incisor ( FDI 1 ) and the right maxillary first molar ( FDI 6 ). Extracted DNA from plaque samples was used for PCR analysis. Intraoral examination,probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed and recorded. Results The detection rate for Tf was 40. 3% ( 118/293 ) and Pi was 46. 4% ( 136/293 ) in supragingival plaque. The detection rates for Tf and Pi in molars were much higher than those in incisors( P ＜0. 01 ). The detection rate of Tf and Pi was positively related to BOP + and PD. The detection rate for Pi decreased gradually with age, and the detection rate for Tf was highest in the group aged 7 to 8 and the detection rates for Tf and Pi were higher in the gingiva with BOP + than that with BOP - ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The detection rates for Tf increased remarkably with BOP + and especially when PD was greater than 4 mm. Conclusions Detection rates of putative periodontal pathogens from healthy children of 7 to 12 years of age were high. The detection rates for Tf and Pi in molars were much higher than those in incisors, and the presence of Tf and Pi in supragingival plaque was related to periodontal parameters.     

Alzheimer型老年性痴呆的药物治疗

Alzheimer型老年性痴呆(SDAT)是一种以进行性痴呆为主要症状的萎缩性脑损害,原因不明。因此,无原因疗法,预后不良。目前主要采用病态性治疗的对症疗法。 一、药物治疗的现状 治疗SDAT的主要药物有脑循环代谢改善药和维生素制剂(维生素B、C和E类等)。对伴有行为异常和精神症状者,加用精神治疗药对症治疗。     

二尖瓣脱垂综合征并智力低下1例

女,8岁。生后4个月出现阵发性抽搐,发作时头及躯干急骤前屈,上肢前伸,然后屈曲内收,下肢屈曲。每次抽搐持续1～2秒,每日发作10～30次不等。患儿自幼较同龄儿智力差,剪刀步态。5岁时高热惊厥1次。近半年来又出现发作性点头,不能自控,每次发作点头10余次,数日发作1