不同全麻对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 评价不同全麻对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响.方法 择期拟行口腔恶性肿瘤根治术患者60例,年龄49～64岁,体重50～71kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):Ⅰ组采用全凭静脉麻醉,静脉注射眯达唑仑、瑞芬太尼、顺阿曲库铵和异丙酚麻醉诱导,静脉输注异丙酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅱ组采用静吸复合麻醉,麻醉诱导同Ⅰ组,吸入七氟醚或静脉输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅲ组采用吸入全麻,吸入七氟醚,静脉注射瑞芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,吸入七氟醚,静脉输注瑞芬太尼维持麻醉.于麻醉诱导前30 min(T0)、麻醉后1、3、5 h、术毕、术后24、48、72 h(T2～7)时采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞、B淋巴细胞百分比.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅰ组～Ⅲ组T1-5时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK细胞百分比和B淋巴细胞百分比降低,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T6时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T2,3,6时CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值和Ⅲ组T2～6时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组T4.5时CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05).结论 与吸人麻醉和静吸复合麻醉比较,咪达唑仑、瑞芬太尼和异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的抑制程度较低.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different general anesthesia protocols on immune function in patients with oral malignant tumor. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing elective radical operation for oral malignant tumor were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each): group Ⅰ total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA); group Ⅱ combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia (IV-INH) and group Ⅱ inhalational anesthesia (INN). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and remifentanll in group Ⅰ; with sevoflurane,propofol and remifentanil in group Ⅱ and with sevoflurane and remifentanil in group Ⅲ. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before (To) and 1 h (T1), 3 h (T2 ) and 5 h (T3) after induction of anesthesia, the end of operation (T4 ) and at 24 h (T5 ), 48 h (T6 ) and 72 h (T7) after operation for determination of the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio). Natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+ ,CD56+ ) and B lymphocyte (CD19+ ) with flow cytometer. Results The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , NK cells, B lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased during and after operation at T1-5 in all groups and the percentges of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,NK cells and CD4+/CD3+ ratio were decreased at T6 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with the baseline values before anesthesia at To. The percentage of CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ratio were significantly lower during anesthesia at T2,3,6 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ . The percentages of CD4 +and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher after operation at T4,5 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅲ.The percentages of CD3 + , CD4 + , NK cells and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly lower at T2-6 in group Ⅲthan in group Ⅰ . Conclusion TIVA with midazolam, propofol and remifentanil has less impact on immune function than inhalational and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia in patients with oral malignant tumor under-going elective radical operation.     

羟乙基淀粉对ICU失血性休克患者细菌移位的影响

目的探讨失血性休克患者早期大量应用羟乙基淀粉充分复苏对细菌移位的影响。方法将ICU收治的53例失血性休克患者分为两组,观察组给予6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4大量快速充分复苏;对照组给予小剂量或不用6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4,加平衡盐溶液、0.9%氯化钠溶液等治疗。两组复苏达标时间均不超过6 h。于患者入重症监护病房（ICU）和复苏6,12,24,48,72 h采外周静脉血进行血浆内毒素(LPS)浓度检测,患者入ICU室和复苏1,3,7 d行血细菌培养。比较两组患者细菌移位情况。结果两组同时间段细菌移位发生率及血浆内毒素含量均差异有极显著性(均P＜0.01),两组外周血细菌培养总阳性率差异有极显著性（P＜0.01）。结论早期大量应用羟乙基淀粉有利于失血性休克患者的液体复苏,能更好地减少细菌移位。     

右美托咪定联合丙泊酚在ICU中的应用

目的:探讨α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine)联合丙泊酚(propofol)用于重症监护室(ICU)中术后机械通气患者的镇静效果及安全性。方法:选择术后带气管导管进入ICU继续进行机械通气治疗的患者180例,随机分为3组,每组60例,组均给予芬太尼持续静脉泵入镇痛,剂量为0.30μg/(kg.h)。右美托咪定联合丙泊酚组(简称A组)先于10 min左右缓慢静注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,然后改用微量注射泵持续静注右美托咪定,维持量为0.10-0.20μg/(kg.h),同时静脉持续泵入丙泊酚0.10-0.30μg/(kg.h)。右美托咪定组(简称D组)先用10 min静注右美托咪定,剂量为0.50μg/kg再用微量注射泵持续静脉泵入,剂量为0.30-0.60μg/(kg.h)。丙泊酚组(简称P组):先静注丙泊酚0.3-0.6 mg/kg,注药时间60 s,然后以微量注射泵持续泵入维持剂量为0.30-1.20 mg/(kg.h);3组均采用Ramsay分级标准,调整剂量使患者Ramsay评分控制在Ⅲ-Ⅳ级。分别记录起效时间,维持镇静的剂量,药物对呼吸、循环(RR、SPO2、HR、MAP)等的影响,苏醒拔管时间,不良反应发生情况及患者舒适度。结果:3组药物均能达到ICU病人所需的镇静效果。A组较P组循环波动少、丙泊酚用量少。患者谵妄、恶心呕吐等不良反应少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组较D组右美托咪定用量少,两组在心率、血压、呼吸等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔管所需时间:P组与A组、D组相比,拔管所需时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合丙泊酚对ICU机械通气患者镇静效果满意,减少丙泊酚及右美托咪定的用量,血流动力学稳定,无呼吸抑制,不良反应低,经济适用。     

鸢尾素预处理激活Notch信号通路减轻大鼠全脑缺血-再灌注损伤

目的探讨鸢尾素预处理对全脑缺血-再灌注大鼠Notch信号通路的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠60只,体重300～350 g,按随机数字表法分为五组:假手术组(A组)、缺血-再灌注组(B组)、鸢尾素预处理组(C组)、DAPT(Notch信号通路选择性抑制剂)预处理组(D组)和鸢尾素复合DAPT预处理组(E组),每组12只。采用改良夹闭双侧颈总动脉合并低血压法建立大鼠全脑缺血-再灌注模型。假手术组仅分离双侧颈总动脉,不结扎。在大鼠全脑缺血-再灌注模型制备前30 min,C组静脉注射鸢尾素10μg/kg,D组腹腔注射DAPT 100 mg/kg,E组静脉注射鸢尾素10μg/kg后腹腔注射DAPT 100 mg/kg。A组和B组分别于相应时点静脉注射等体积生理盐水。再灌注24 h后采用神经功能缺失评分(NDS)法观察大鼠行为学变化,大脑干湿比重法观察大鼠脑含水量(BWC)变化,HE染色及原位末端标记(TUNEL)法观察大鼠脑组织海马CA1区坏死及凋亡情况,Western blot法检测Casepase-3、Notch1、NICD和Hes1蛋白相对含量。结果与A组比较,B组、C组、D组和E组NDS均明显升高,BWC均明显增加,脑组织海马CA1区形态学损伤和神经元凋亡程度明显加重,Caspase-3、NICD、Notch1和Hes1蛋白相对含量明显升高(P0.05)。与B组比较,C组大鼠NDS明显降低,BWC明显减少,脑组织海马CA1区形态学损伤和神经元凋亡程度明显减轻,Caspase-3蛋白相对含量明显降低,NICD、Notch1和Hes1蛋白相对含量明显升高(P0.05)。与C组比较,D组和E组大鼠NDS明显升高,海马CA1区形态学损伤和神经元凋亡程度明显加重,Caspase-3蛋白相对含量明显升高,NICD、Notch1和Hes1蛋白相对含量明显降低(P0.05)。D组和E组各项指标差异无统计学意义。结论鸢尾素预处理可减轻大鼠全脑缺血-再灌注后海马神经元凋亡,降低脑水肿程度,其机制可能与激活Notch信号通路有关。     

急腹症手术的麻醉及特点

急腹症是最常见的外科急诊,据国内统计,急诊麻醉中急腹症占82.6%。急腹症患者起病急,病情重,多有饱胃,常伴有水电解质和酸碱失衡,继发出血性或感染性休克,且术前时间仓促,全面检查和术前准备不够,因此麻醉并发症和麻醉意外发生率较高。麻醉医师应根据病情特点,短时间内积极做好各项准备,选择适当麻醉方法,减少或避免意外事件发生。一、麻醉前准备1.病情估计:(1)病因:急腹症病因主要有炎症、实质脏器破裂、空腔脏器穿孔、梗阻及脏器扭转、出血和损伤等,可引起腹腔内和腹膜后组织的急剧病理变化,患者表现为以腹部症状、体征为主,同时伴有全身…     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对脂多糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的内皮细胞损伤的影响及其作用机制.方法 用RPMI 1640培养基将人脐静脉内皮细胞在5%CO2、37℃培养箱中培养,并分为对照组,LPS组及PHC组.检测细胞上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、细胞中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮(NO)水平.提取细胞核蛋白,Western blot分析细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)磷酸化蛋白的表达.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 与对照组比较.LPS组LDH含量[(1 642±367)U/L vs.(169±33)U/L]、MDA含量[(13.2±1.2)nmol/L vs.(7.2±0.8)nmoL/mL]及NO水平[(143.2±10.3)μmol/L vs.(85.5 4.4.1)μmol/L]明显增多,SOD活性明显下降[(41.2 ±2.7)U/mL vs.(61.1±2.8)U/mL],ERK1/2和JNK磷酸化表达明显增高.PHC可显著降低LDH含量[(392 4.90)U/L],降低MDA[(8.6±1.3)nmol/mL]和NO水平[(92.1 ±6.6)μmol/L],提高SOD活性[(58.0±3.0)U/mL],减弱ERK1/2磷酸化蛋白表达.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚对脂多糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制ERK1/2磷酸化表达减少过氧化物的产生有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride ( PHC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced endothelial cells injury and its mechanism. Methods ECV-304 was cultured in RPMI1640 in a 5% humidified CO2 atmosphere at 37 ℃. Then cultured cells were used to assess the following treatments: control group, LPS group (1 μg/mL) and PHC group(2 μg/mL). At the end of the experiments, supernatant was collected for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH), and cells were collected for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) levels. And extracellular regulated kinasel/2( ERKl/2)and JNK MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK) protein expressions were determined using Western blot technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis to compare values among all groups. A significant difference was presumed for a probability value < 0.05. Results Compared with control group, LDH leakage [(1642 ± 367) U/L vs (169±33)U/L], the contents of MDA[(13. 2 ± 1. 2) nmol/L vs (7. 2 ±0. 8)nmol/mL] and NO levels [(143.2 ± 10.3) μmol/L vs(85.5 ±4.1) μmol/L], expressions of ERK1/2 and JNK were remarkably increased and SOD activities[(41.2 ±2.7) U/mL vs (61. 1 ±2.8) U/mL] were obviously decreased in LPS group. PHC markedly decreased LDH leakage [(392 ±90) U/L], MDA contents [(8. 6 ± 1. 3) nmol/ mL] and NO levels [(92.1 ±6.6) μmol/L], ERK1/2 activation and enhanced SOD activities [(58.0± 3.0) U/mL]. Conclusions PHC could protect endothelial cells against LPS-induced cell injury. The effect of PHC is likely mediated through inhibition of ERK1/2 MAPK activation.     

安氟醚、异氟醚对大鼠肺组织NF-kB和血浆TNF-α的影响

目的 比较安氟醚、异氟醚对大鼠肺组织核因子-kB(NF-kB)和血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响.方法 选用72只SD大鼠随机均分为安氟醚组(E组)和异氟醚组(Ⅰ组).两种麻醉药吸入浓度均为1.0 MAC.分别于麻醉前(T_1)、麻醉诱导后即刻(T_2)、麻醉2 h(T_3)、4 h(T_4)、6 h(T_5)和停药2 h(T_6)各处死6只大鼠,开胸取肺组织并经左心室取血5 ml.光镜下观察肺组织病理形态的改变.结果 两组在T_4时可见少量中性粒细胞及肺巨噬细胞渗出,其后明显增多,可见肺毛细血管轻度扩张、充血及肺间质水肿.与T_1时比较,E组在L_4～T_6时肺组织NF-kB的含量增加(P<0.05),Ⅰ组在T_4、T_5时增加(P<0.05).T_4～T_6时,E组肺组织NF-kB的含量和血浆TNF-α的浓度均明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).与T_1时比较.两组TNF-α在T_2时降低(P<0.05),其后增加(P<0.05).结论 吸入安氟醚、异氟醚后血浆TNF-α的含量增加,尤以吸入安氟醚更为明显.其作用机制可能与吸入安氟醚、异氟醚后肺组织NF-kB的表达增强有关.     

米卡芬净与伏立康唑联合治疗侵袭性真菌感染的临床研究

目的评价米卡芬净静脉注射后口服伏立康唑治疗ICU侵袭性真菌感染（IFI）疗效及安全性。方法将侵袭性真菌感染患者,根据不同抗真菌治疗方法分成两组,A组（16例）采用米卡芬净静注后伏立康唑口服联合疗法;B组（16例）,米卡芬净组静脉滴注米卡芬净（100mg／d）,观察两组患者的疗效和不良反应。结果A组的总有效率为87．5％（14／16）,药物相关的不良反应发生率6．3％（1／16）;B组的总有效率56．3％（9／16）,药物相关的不良反应发生率为25％（4／16）。两组总有效率较高,但有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,A组不良反应率显著低于B组。结论两种方案对侵袭性真菌感染的患者均有效,米卡芬净联合伏立康唑疗法比单独应用米卡芬净更具有疗效优势,且安全性好,不良反应少,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。