腹腔复苏在大鼠失血性休克中的治疗作用

目的:观察腹腔复苏(DPR)对失血性休克大鼠血流动力学参数、动脉血乳酸值以及小肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、NO含量、湿干重比和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响,探讨腹腔复苏对失血性休克大鼠的保护作用及其可能的机制。方法:采用大鼠股动脉抽血法制备失血性休克动物模型。健康雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只。即假手术组(Sham组)、常规静脉复苏组(CR组)、腹腔复苏生理盐水组(DPR1组)、腹腔复苏羟乙基淀粉组(DPR2组)、腹腔复苏腹膜透析液组(DPR3组)。各DPR组在常规静脉复苏的同时行腹腔复苏。复苏后2h股动脉采血测定乳酸值,同时检测小肠组织MPO活性、MDA含量、NO含量和湿干重比,采用免疫组化法检测小肠组织TNF-α表达水平,光镜下观察小肠黏膜组织的病理变化,评估小肠黏膜上皮损伤指数。结果:与Sham组比较,CR组、DPR1组、DPR2组、DPR3组动脉血乳酸含量明显升高(P<0.01);与CR组比较,各腹腔复苏组的乳酸含量降低,但DPR3组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与Sham组比较,各休克复苏组小肠组织的MPO活性、MDA含量、湿干重比、TNF-α表达和黏膜损伤指数均显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CR组比较,各腹腔复苏组的相应指标均有所下降,但DPR3组下降显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与Sham组比较,各休克复苏组NO含量均明显降低(P<0.01);与CR组比较,DPR3组NO含量有一定程度的回升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。光镜下休克复苏后各组小肠黏膜上皮均有不同程度的损伤,但DRP3组这种损伤有所减轻(P<0.01)。结论:腹膜透析液行腹腔复苏对失血性休克大鼠具有保护作用。其机制可能与其抑制炎性反应、减轻组织脂质过氧化反应以及减轻组织水肿有关。     

维库溴铵持续与间断静脉输注用于静吸复合麻醉维持肌松的临床观察

为了观察维库溴铵在静吸复合麻醉肌松维持中不同给药方式的影响,笔者对148例全麻患者采取持续与间断静脉注射维库溴铵,现报告如下.     

妊娠对大鼠吸入性全麻药血/气分配系数和组织/气分配系数的影响

目的 观察妊娠对大鼠吸人性全麻药血，气分配系数及组织，气分配系数的影响。方法 健康成年（3月龄）雌性妊娠（妊娠18—22d）和非妊娠SD大鼠各10只，分别为妊娠组和非妊娠组。腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠40mg／kg麻醉，经腹主动脉抽血用于测血，气分配系数，放血处死后，分别取心、肝、肾及脑组织并制成匀浆，采用注射器顶空二次平衡法经气相色谱仪测定七氟醚、异氟醚和氟烷的血，气分配系数及组织，气分配系数。结果与非妊娠组相比，妊娠组氟烷的血，气分配系数和脑，气分配系数降低（P〈0．05），七氟醚、异氟醚的血，气分配系数、肝，气分配系数、肾，气分配系数、心，气分配系数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 妊娠降低大鼠氟烷的血，气配系数和脑，气分配系数，但不影响七氟醚和异氟醚的血，气分配系数和组织，气分配系数。     

布托啡诺预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of butorphanol pretreatment on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each) : sham operation group (group S); IR group; butorphanol pretreatment group (group B); Nor-BNI group (group N) and glibenclamide group (group G) . In group IR, B, N and G, myocardial IR was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group S and IR, normal saline S ml/kg was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and then continuously infused at a rate of 5 ml· kg -1· h-1 iv. In group B, butorphanol 25 μg/kg was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group IR. In group N, Nor-BNI 2 mg/kg (a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist) was injected via femoral vein 20 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group B. In group G, glibenclamide 1 mg/kg (a KATP channel blocker) was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group B. Blood samples were taken from femoral artery at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of the concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 by ELISA. Myocardial infarct area and ischemic area were measured by TTC staining and myocardial infarct size was calculated. Results The concentrations of serum TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the other four groups than in group S (P < 0.05) . The concentrations of serum TNF-α andIL-6 were significantly decreased while IL-10 increased, and the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased in group B, N and G as compared with group IR ( P < 0.05) . The concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased while the concentration of IL-10 decreased) and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased in group N and G as compared with group B ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Butorphanol pretreatment can protect the myocardium against IR injury in rate via activating κ receptor and KATP channel.     

咪唑安定对缺血/再灌注心肌c-fos基因表达的影响

c-fos基因在心肌缺血/再灌时能快速、早期表达,与蛋白质合成抑制及Ca、IP3、cAMP等第二信使有密切关系,C-fos基因的表达产物fos蛋白可调节相关基因转录,发挥第三信使作用[1]。咪唑安定可增强机体的抗氧化能力,对心肌有一定的保护作用[2]。本研究拟观察眯唑安定对心肌缺血/再灌注时c-fos基因表达的影响,探讨其抗心肌缺血,再灌损伤的可能机制。     

不同全麻对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 评价不同全麻对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响.方法 择期拟行口腔恶性肿瘤根治术患者60例,年龄49～64岁,体重50～71kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):Ⅰ组采用全凭静脉麻醉,静脉注射眯达唑仑、瑞芬太尼、顺阿曲库铵和异丙酚麻醉诱导,静脉输注异丙酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅱ组采用静吸复合麻醉,麻醉诱导同Ⅰ组,吸入七氟醚或静脉输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅲ组采用吸入全麻,吸入七氟醚,静脉注射瑞芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,吸入七氟醚,静脉输注瑞芬太尼维持麻醉.于麻醉诱导前30 min(T0)、麻醉后1、3、5 h、术毕、术后24、48、72 h(T2～7)时采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞、B淋巴细胞百分比.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅰ组～Ⅲ组T1-5时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK细胞百分比和B淋巴细胞百分比降低,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T6时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T2,3,6时CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值和Ⅲ组T2～6时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组T4.5时CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05).结论 与吸人麻醉和静吸复合麻醉比较,咪达唑仑、瑞芬太尼和异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的抑制程度较低.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different general anesthesia protocols on immune function in patients with oral malignant tumor. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing elective radical operation for oral malignant tumor were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each): group Ⅰ total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA); group Ⅱ combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia (IV-INH) and group Ⅱ inhalational anesthesia (INN). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and remifentanll in group Ⅰ; with sevoflurane,propofol and remifentanil in group Ⅱ and with sevoflurane and remifentanil in group Ⅲ. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before (To) and 1 h (T1), 3 h (T2 ) and 5 h (T3) after induction of anesthesia, the end of operation (T4 ) and at 24 h (T5 ), 48 h (T6 ) and 72 h (T7) after operation for determination of the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio). Natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+ ,CD56+ ) and B lymphocyte (CD19+ ) with flow cytometer. Results The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , NK cells, B lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased during and after operation at T1-5 in all groups and the percentges of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,NK cells and CD4+/CD3+ ratio were decreased at T6 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with the baseline values before anesthesia at To. The percentage of CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ratio were significantly lower during anesthesia at T2,3,6 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ . The percentages of CD4 +and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher after operation at T4,5 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅲ.The percentages of CD3 + , CD4 + , NK cells and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly lower at T2-6 in group Ⅲthan in group Ⅰ . Conclusion TIVA with midazolam, propofol and remifentanil has less impact on immune function than inhalational and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia in patients with oral malignant tumor under-going elective radical operation.     

生理、社会性别与疼痛：一个复杂的领域

在传统的生物医学研究中，疼痛的研究是以雄性动物或受试者为对象的。在过去20～30年里，人们逐渐认识到达种局限的研究方案遗漏了一个重要的影响因素：性别。越来越多的研究已确定对疼痛和镇痛药物的反应存在着明显的性别差异。这些研究表明性别差异具有生物学和心理学基础。我们将提供有关流行病学、啮齿类动物实验和临床研究结果的简要评述。在基础生物医学、临床生物医学、流行病学和社会学的研究中，存在着许多争论和不同的见解，尚需要进一步的研究实验去解决。为了使承受着急性或慢性疼痛的患者从此项工作中受益，我们涉及了临床常见或新发的伤害性感受或疼痛模型，以解决这既基本又复杂的问题。但是目前文献的情况尚不足以将本项研究转化为临床决策。     

避免麻醉中知晓的策略

一、麻醉中知晓 1987年Vickers将麻醉深度不够分成两个等级：回忆（recall）和觉醒状态（wakefulness）。回忆或保持记忆是患者能回忆麻醉下发生的事情，知晓（awareness）相当于记忆。产科和心脏手术麻醉中知晓的发生率较高。     

剖宫产连续硬膜外阻滞时插管异常的回顾性分析

我院于１９８４～１９９３年行Ｌ２－５连续硬膜外阻滞（ＣＥＡ）共１００５５例。将其分为剖宫产、同年龄组非孕妇女手术、腹腔巨大肿瘤及一般人其他手术四组。对麻醉穿刺时的插管异常进行了统计与分析。资料与方法　剖宫产组２６２５例，同龄女组１０６３例，腹腔肿瘤组１６７例，一般人组６２００例，后两组患者年龄下限。全组患者随意选择Ｌ２～３、Ｌ３～４、Ｌ４～５三个间隙实施ＣＥＡ。选用上诲医用诊察仪器厂生产的单孔侧开口硬膜外导管，管、针匹配不良者弃用。一律直入法操作，操作者为各级专职麻醉医师。插管异常分为血管损伤（…