新生儿梨状窝瘘的诊治特点

目的 阐述新生儿梨状窝瘘这一少见疾病的诊治特点.方法 收集我院2001年7月至2010年1月收治的9例新生儿梨状窝瘘病例,分析其发病年龄、临床表现、辅助检查及临床治疗经过,总结其诊治特点和预后.结果 9例梨状窝瘘均为左侧.均以颈部囊性肿块就诊.8例为新生儿时期出现症状,1例为产前发现.5例颈部增强CT提示肿块中含有气体.新生儿时期手术治疗7例.随访时间6个月至9年,患儿临床均无反复感染或复发迹象.结论 新生儿的梨状窝瘘临床表现不同于儿童,常因颈部无痛性、囊性肿块就诊,缺少反复脓肿切开引流史.超声或CT检查中常可发现囊肿中含有气体影.新生儿早期手术瘘管结扎率高,部分需要胃镜辅助.治疗安全性可靠,术后复发率低且预后良好.     

低出生体重食管闭锁患儿预后因素的研究

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of survival rate after repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Methods The clinical data of the 101 patients underwent TEF/EA repair between January 1999 and December 2008 at this center were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into low-birth-weight group (29 patients, birth-weight＜2 500 grams) and normal-birth-weight group (72 patients, birth-weight＞2. 5 kg). The possible prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed including patients status, the incidence of preoperative and intraoperative critical events, postoperative complications, postoperative mechanical ventilation time,stress hyperglycemia and survival rate. Logistic regression analysis was employed to predict the prognostic factors of the survival rate after repair of EA and/or TEF. Results Of the 29 low-birth-weight EA patients, the survival rate was significantly lower than that of the normal birth weight patients (75.9% vs 92. 3% ,P = 0. 027) ,and the survival rate positively correlated with the birth weight (r=0. 946,P= 0. 015). The incidence of preoperative and intraoperative critical events and postoperative complications in low-birth-weight EA patients were significantly higher than those of the normal birth weight patients (67. 7% vs 32. 9% ,P = 0. 002; 70% vs 26%, P = 0. 001 ). The morbidity of anastomotic stricture and leak was higher, and postoperative mechanical ventilation time was longer compared with the normal birth weight patients (P = 0. 001 ). The survival rate of the patients had postoperative stress hyperglycemia was lower than that of patients without stress hyperglycemia (93. 6% vs 81.0%,P = 0. 024) ,and the survival rate negatively correlated with the severity of postoperative stress hyperglycemia (r = - 0. 931, P = 0. 022). Conclusions Low-birth-weight and postoperative stress hyperglycemia are the prognostic factors of survival rate after repair of EA and/or TEF.     

单核/巨噬细胞在坏死性小肠结肠炎发病机制中的研究进展

坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC)是一种主要发生于早产儿的严重胃肠道疾病, 病死率较高, 但其发病机制尚未明确。作为固有免疫的一部分, 单核/巨噬细胞在NEC的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。本文现就单核/巨噬细胞在NEC发病机制中的研究进展作一综述。     

巨型脐膨出手术治疗策略与远期预后研究进展

巨型脐膨出(giant omphalocele, GO)依然是目前威胁新生儿生命健康的严重先天畸形之一。GO由于腹壁缺损巨大, 往往无法一期手术治愈, 有效治疗手段也十分有限, 且GO常合并其他畸形, 远期预后不佳。近年来各种分期手术及延期手术治疗策略有效提高GO治疗成功率并改善GO患儿预后, 本文将就目前GO主要的手术治疗策略及其远期预后研究进展进行综述, 为临床GO手术方案的选择提供参考。