大鼠小脑薄肯野细胞内多巴胺B羟化酶和激活蛋白2a的共存

BACKGROUND： Tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-n-methyl transferase expression coexist in Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. Numerous reports have also been published addressing whether dopamine-beta-hydroxylase （DBH） expression exists in cerebellar Purkinje cells. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the coexistence of DBH and activator protein-2α expression in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell morphological study was performed at the Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, China in May 2007. MATERIALS： Ten healthy Wistar rats, of either gender, aged 14 weeks, served as experimental animals. Rabbit anti-mouse DBH, goat anti-mouse activator protein-2α and rabbit anti-mouse β-actin （Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA）, horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, FITC-labeled mouse anti-rabbit IgG, and Cy3-labeled mouse anti-goat IgG （Boster, Wuhan, China）, were used in this study. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of DBH or activator protein-2α, with double-label immunofluorescence being employed to determine coexpression of both, in the cerebellum of 5 randomly selected rats. Western blot assay was utilized to determine the expression of DBH and activator protein-2α in the cerebellum of the remaining 5 rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression, localization and coexistence of DBH and activator protein-2α in the cerebellum were measured separately. RESULTS： Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that cerebellar Purkinje cells stained positive for DBH and activator protein-2α. Western blot assay also demonstrated DBH and activator protein-2α expression in the cerebellum. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed the coexistence of DBH and activator protein-2α in cerebellar Purkinje cells. CONCLUSION： Norepinephrine and activator protein-2α coexist in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells.     

在电镜技术与细胞超微结构选修课中开展双语教学的初探

介绍在电镜技术与细胞超微结构选修课中开展双语教学的具体做法和体会，探讨双语教学的师资培养、课前准奋、授课方式及课后评价等相关问题。     

脑红蛋白在内毒素脑损伤大鼠模型中的表达变化

Objective To investigate the expression of neuroglobin(Ngb) in frontal cortex, cere-brospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in rats with brain injury induced by LPS and to elucidate its significance. Methods Seventy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LPS (n = 60, with injection of 0.1 mg/kg LPS into cistern) and control (C, n =10, with injection of equal volume of isotonic saline into cistern) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The plasma, CSF as well as frontal cortex from sacrificed rats were collected in LPS group at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 post injection hour (PIH), with 10 rats at each time point. The protein expression of Ngb was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Western blot. Expression of Ngb in frontal cortex was determined by SP. Water content of frontal cortex was assessed by drying method. The correlation among Ngb contents in serum, CSF, frontal cortex and water con-tent of frontal cortex was analyzed with multiple comparison. Results Ngb expression ( by ELISA) : Ngb expression of frontal cortex, CSF, and serum in LPS group was higher than that in C group at each time point, and it peaked at 48 PBH (35.4±3.9, 22.7±3.1, 14.4±2.8 ng/mL, respectively, P <0.01). Ngb ex-pression ( by Western blot) : Ngb protein with relative molecular mass of 17×103 was observed in each group. Ngb expression detected by Western blot was similar to that detected by ELISA. Brain water content was significantly greater in LPS group than that of C group at 6-72 PIH ( P<0.01) , and it peaked at 48 PBH ( 83.3±1.9) %. Ngb contents in serum, CSF, frontal cortex, and water content of frontal cortex were positively correlated with muhipie comparison (γ=0.631-0.719, P<0.01). Conclusions Up-regu-lation of Ngb expression in brain injury induced by LPS is correlated with duration after challenge of LPS.     

大鼠脊髓压迫性损伤后脱髓鞘病变及MBP、Id2的表达变化

目的 分析脊髓压迫性损伤(compressed spinal cord injury,CSCI)后脱髓鞘病变与髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)、DNA结合抑制物2(inhibitor of DNA binding2,Id2)的表达变化之间的关系,以探讨CSCI脱髓鞘病变机制.方法 采用自行设计的方法制作SD大鼠CSCI模型,通过锇酸染色检测CSCI后1、3、7d有髓神经纤维变化;运用免疫荧光双标和免疫印迹(Westem blot)检测MBP及Id2的表达变化.结果 CSCI后出现脱髓鞘病变,并随着压迫时间延长,髓鞘逐渐发生水肿、变性、崩解;脊髓损伤后MBP表达下调,其表达趋势与脱髓鞘溃变的严重程度一致;CSCI后,Id2广泛分布于白质,随着压迫时间延长,其表达逐渐上调.结论 Id2表达上调,并负向调控MBP基因启动子的活性,使MBP的表达下降,是CSCI后神经纤维脱髓鞘病变的机制之一.     

吗啡依赖和戒断大鼠脊髓内NA能神经元变化的研究

目的探讨慢性吗啡处理及戒断后大鼠脊髓内NA能神经元的形态变化.方法24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为吗啡依赖组、吗啡戒断组和生理盐水对照组,每组8只.依赖组大鼠以腹腔注射吗啡方法建立吗啡依赖模型.戒断组大鼠在依赖模型建立后于腹腔注射纳洛酮5 mg/kg诱导戒断症状,对照组大鼠注射等量生理盐水.注射24 h后取脑和脊髓作冰冻切片.利用免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠脊髓及LC内NA能神经元的变化.结果正常组LC内DBH阳性细胞数为(98±17),吗啡依赖组和戒断组LC内DBH阳性细胞数分别为(212±20)和(229±27),明显高于正常组(P＜0.01),但平均灰度值无明显差异.慢性吗啡处理后脊髓前角DBH阳性神经元数量增多,染色加深,后角和侧角新增加大量阳性神经元,吗啡依赖组和戒断组DBH阳性神经元增加具有极显著意义(P＜0.01).结论慢性吗啡处理和戒断引起LC和脊髓内NA能神经元增多,提示NA与吗啡依赖和戒断的形成有关,其可能是吗啡依赖及戒断的分子机制之一.     

严重烧伤后大鼠脑组织AQP4的表达变化及其与血浆AVP的相关性

背景：严重烧伤后脑水肿常发生在烧伤后早期,是导致病人死亡的重要原因之一。研究烧伤后脑水肿发生、发展规律,探讨其发生机制,对临床早期诊断、治疗具有十分重要的意义。 目的：研究严重烧伤后脑水肿病理过程中AQP4 及其mRNA表达变化及其与血浆AVP水平的相关性。 设计和实验时间：本实验于2007年在重庆医科大学神经科学试验中心设计,并于2008年在重庆医科大学神经科学研究中心完成。 材料：健康成年wistar大鼠180只,雌雄不拘,体重250g-300g,由重庆医科大学实验动物中心提供。免疫组化试剂盒、原位杂交试剂盒购自北京中山公司和博士德生物公司。 方法：采用30%TBSAⅢ度烧伤大鼠模型,干湿重法测脑组织含水量,免疫组化、原位杂交、Western blotting、RT-PCR检测AQP4及其 mRNA的表达变化,并用放射免疫分析法（RIA）观察血浆AVP水平的动态变化。 结果：严重烧伤后脑含水量有不同程度增加,AQP4及其 mRNA在视上核、视交叉上核、室旁核、海马、脉络丛、大脑皮质等部位表达上调,Western blotting、RT-PCR结果与免疫组化和原位杂交结果基本一致。血浆AVP水平在烧伤后也有不同程度升高,烧伤后6h达高峰。在整个脑水肿过程中,AQP4及其mRNA的表达分别与血浆AVP水平呈高度正相关（r=0.848,P<0.01;r=0.807, P<0.01）。 结论:严重烧伤后AQP4及其 mRNA表达增强,提示其在烧伤后脑水肿形成过程中起重要作用。血浆AVP水平上调与AQP4及其mRNA表达规律一致,AVP可能对AQP4 及其mRNA在脑组织的表达有一定调节作用。     

脊髓压迫性损伤神经纤维溃变与Caspase-12介导的少突胶质细胞凋亡

目的　探讨脊髓压迫性损伤白质神经纤维溃变与少突胶质细胞凋亡关系。 方法　采用自行设计的大鼠脊髓压迫器制作大鼠脊髓压迫性损伤模型,运用luxol fast blue（LFB）、TUNEL等方法来检测的白质神经纤维溃变及少突胶质细胞凋亡情况,采用免疫印迹技术检测蛋白Caspase-12表达变化。 结果　脊髓受压后,白质髓鞘化神经纤维出现水肿,排列疏松、髓鞘缺失等退行性溃变;白质少突胶质细胞凋亡数目随着脊髓压迫时间逐渐增加(P<0.05); Caspase-12表达随压迫时间延长而上调。 结论　Caspase-12介导的少突胶质细胞凋亡可能参与了脊髓压迫性损伤神经纤维溃变。     

高浓度尿素诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞系产生炎性因子

目的研究高浓度尿素诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞系(HBMECs)产生炎性因子及其机制。方法以相同渗透压的甘露醇为对照,高浓度尿素(25 mmol/L)干预HBMECs 3、6、12和24 h后,免疫荧光法观察细胞内肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)的表达。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测TNF-α、i NOS、环氧合酶-2(cycloxygenase-2,COX-2)、核因子κB(NF-κB)/P65和p-P65的表达水平。一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒检测细胞NO含量。结果高浓度尿素增强细胞内TNF-α和i NOS表达。细胞TNF-α、COX-2和p-P65蛋白水平在3和6 h明显高于对照组(P0.01);i NOS蛋白水平持续增高(P0.01)。NO含量在3 h明显增多(P0.05)。结论高浓度尿素诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞产生炎性因子。     

第4、5跗跖关节的大体解剖和影像解剖学特征研究

目的:研究第4、5跗跖关节的大体解剖和影像解剖学特征,为临床诊治足部损伤提供形态学资料.方法:观察30例足骨标本的第4、5跖骨与骰骨关节面的形态特征并测量相关数据;对30侧无明显足部畸形的成人足采用16层螺旋CT行横断面、冠状面和矢状面扫描,并行三维重建;将所测得的2组数据进行统计学分析.结果:螺旋CT三维成像技术能清楚显示第4、5跗跖关节各关节面的形态结构.结论:螺旋CT三维成像技术能够帮助临床足部损伤的诊断,特别对于足外侧纵弓的整复具有重要指导意义.