大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后caspase-12表达与细胞凋亡

目的:观察大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤过程中细胞凋亡、caspase-12的表达变化规律,以探讨其分子机制。方法:采用自制压迫装置制备脊髓压迫缺血再灌注模型。运用形态学、分子生物学等方法,分别于缺血再灌注后3、7、11、23和47h,观察脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后,脊髓的病理变化和内质网的形态学改变、细胞凋亡及caspase-12的表达变化的规律。结果:脊髓缺血再灌注3h后,出现不同程度的细胞肿胀,神经元退行性变及内质网结构变化;随着再灌注时间的延长,神经元和神经胶质细胞凋亡数明显增加,并伴有caspase-12的表达增强;capspase-12表达与细胞凋亡的时空变化规律相一致。结论:在脊髓缺血再灌注过程中神经细胞凋亡是引起脊髓继发性损伤的主要病理因素,caspase-12可能参与了脊髓缺血再灌注损伤所导致的细胞凋亡。     

高浓度尿素诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞系产生炎性因子

目的研究高浓度尿素诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞系(HBMECs)产生炎性因子及其机制。方法以相同渗透压的甘露醇为对照,高浓度尿素(25 mmol/L)干预HBMECs 3、6、12和24 h后,免疫荧光法观察细胞内肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)的表达。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测TNF-α、i NOS、环氧合酶-2(cycloxygenase-2,COX-2)、核因子κB(NF-κB)/P65和p-P65的表达水平。一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒检测细胞NO含量。结果高浓度尿素增强细胞内TNF-α和i NOS表达。细胞TNF-α、COX-2和p-P65蛋白水平在3和6 h明显高于对照组(P0.01);i NOS蛋白水平持续增高(P0.01)。NO含量在3 h明显增多(P0.05)。结论高浓度尿素诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞产生炎性因子。     

水通道蛋白-4在胰腺的表达

目的:观察水通道蛋白-4(AQP4)在大鼠胰腺的表达和分布特点,为研究胰腺的分泌及调节机制提供形态学基础.方法:利用免疫组化和原位杂交技术,检测AQP4及其mRNA在胰腺外分泌部和内分泌部的表达情况.结果:免疫组化显示,AQP4在胰腺外分泌部腺泡细胞膜上表达较弱,而在胰岛内分泌部细胞有明显的表达,主要位于细胞膜,呈小泡状;原位杂交显示,AQP4mRNA在外分泌部腺泡细胞有较弱的表达,在胰岛的内分泌细胞胞浆中有明显的表达.结论:根据AQP4及其mRNA在胰腺的表达和分布特点,提示其参与了胰岛内分泌细胞合成和分泌激素过程中水和电解质平衡的精细调节;而AQP4可能对胰腺外分泌过程的调节作用较小.     

内质网分子伴侣GRP78在大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中的表达变化

目的观察在大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCII)过程中内质网分子伴侣GRP78的表达变化,并探讨其意义。方法健康成年Wistar大鼠55只,随机分为两组:(1)脊髓压迫缺血再灌注组50只,每个时间点10只,采用自制压迫装置制备脊髓压迫缺血再灌注模型;(2)假手术对照组5只,只做全椎板切除不做脊髓压迫。用免疫组化、West-ernblot和TUNEL等方法,分别于缺血再灌注后30min、3、7、11和23h,检测压迫段脊髓组织中GRP78的表达变化及细胞凋亡情况。结果再灌注30min后,GRP78在压迫段脊髓开始表达上调,7h达峰值,11h表达回落,23h显著减少。TUNEL染色显示,神经细胞的凋亡指数随着再灌注时间的延长而升高。结论GRP78在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中呈现时序性的表达变化,这可能是脊髓内源性保护机制之一。     

脑外伤后大鼠脊髓内去甲肾上腺素能神经元变化的研究

目的观察脑外伤应激对大鼠脊髓内去甲肾上腺素（NA）能神经元的表达变化。方法成年Wistar大鼠70只,随机分为正常对照组（n=10）和闭合性脑外伤组（n=60）。采用Feeney′s法制备大鼠闭合性脑外伤模型。于伤后3、6、12、24、48和72h取出大鼠颈、胸、腰脊髓组织,分别用免疫组化和半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测多巴胺-β-羟化酶（DBH）的表达变化。结果免疫组化显示,正常脊髓颈、腰膨大前角内可见少量DBH阳性神经元胞体;脑外伤后各时间点大鼠脊髓各个节段的前角、后角和胸腰段侧角均出现大量深染的DBH阳性神经元,其数量和染色较正常对照组差异均有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。RT-PCR检测结果显示,脑外伤后各时间点脊髓内DBH mRNA表达明显强于正常对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论大鼠脑外伤后脊髓NA能神经元明显增多,NA能神经元DBH mRNA表达增加,说明NA合成增多,提示NA在脑外伤应激过程中起重要作用。     

脑红蛋白在内毒素脑损伤大鼠模型中的表达变化

Objective To investigate the expression of neuroglobin(Ngb) in frontal cortex, cere-brospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in rats with brain injury induced by LPS and to elucidate its significance. Methods Seventy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LPS (n = 60, with injection of 0.1 mg/kg LPS into cistern) and control (C, n =10, with injection of equal volume of isotonic saline into cistern) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The plasma, CSF as well as frontal cortex from sacrificed rats were collected in LPS group at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 post injection hour (PIH), with 10 rats at each time point. The protein expression of Ngb was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Western blot. Expression of Ngb in frontal cortex was determined by SP. Water content of frontal cortex was assessed by drying method. The correlation among Ngb contents in serum, CSF, frontal cortex and water con-tent of frontal cortex was analyzed with multiple comparison. Results Ngb expression ( by ELISA) : Ngb expression of frontal cortex, CSF, and serum in LPS group was higher than that in C group at each time point, and it peaked at 48 PBH (35.4±3.9, 22.7±3.1, 14.4±2.8 ng/mL, respectively, P <0.01). Ngb ex-pression ( by Western blot) : Ngb protein with relative molecular mass of 17×103 was observed in each group. Ngb expression detected by Western blot was similar to that detected by ELISA. Brain water content was significantly greater in LPS group than that of C group at 6-72 PIH ( P<0.01) , and it peaked at 48 PBH ( 83.3±1.9) %. Ngb contents in serum, CSF, frontal cortex, and water content of frontal cortex were positively correlated with muhipie comparison (γ=0.631-0.719, P<0.01). Conclusions Up-regu-lation of Ngb expression in brain injury induced by LPS is correlated with duration after challenge of LPS.     

提高电镜技术与细胞超微结构教学质量

为了适应现代科学技术的发展和医学教育改革的需要,进一步拓宽学生的知识面,弥补学生理论知识与实际应用脱节的不足,我校电镜室从20世纪80年代后期即在国内较早的为本科生开设<生物电镜技术与细胞超微结构基础>选修课.     

提高研究生电镜实验教学质量的几点体会

实验教学是研究生电镜教学的重要内容,通过课前精心准备,重视基础理论的讲解,教学结合临床,教学结合科研,提高图像分析能力以及对考试方法进行改革等多种方法和手段,有助于提高研究生电镜实习教学质量。     

渗透压改变与星形胶质细胞水通道蛋白9表达的关系

目的:探讨渗透压对星形胶质细胞水通道蛋白9(AQP9)表达的影响.方法:通过H-E显色观察渗透压改变(对照组、低渗组和高渗组)对细胞形态的影响,台盼蓝染色评价细胞活力的变化,免疫细胞化学、原位杂交研究星形胶质细胞AQP9及其mRNA的表达变化.结果:对照组细胞形态、活力、AQP9及其mRNA的表达在各时间点均无明显变化.低渗培养导致细胞水肿,细胞活性下降,AQP9及其mRNA的表达水平明显高于对照组,并随低渗作用的增强和时间的延长而上调.高渗作用可导致细胞皱缩,细胞活性下降,AQP9及其mRNA表达在12 h内持续增加后下降,至24 h后仍高于对照组.结论:低渗液作用下AQP9及其mRNA的表达上调,作为一种病理性适应反应参与了胶质细胞水肿的形成.高渗作用早期(约12 h内),AQP9的表达上调对高渗型细胞脱水起到重要的代偿作用.     

大鼠小脑薄肯野细胞内多巴胺B羟化酶和激活蛋白2a的共存

BACKGROUND： Tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-n-methyl transferase expression coexist in Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. Numerous reports have also been published addressing whether dopamine-beta-hydroxylase （DBH） expression exists in cerebellar Purkinje cells. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the coexistence of DBH and activator protein-2α expression in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell morphological study was performed at the Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, China in May 2007. MATERIALS： Ten healthy Wistar rats, of either gender, aged 14 weeks, served as experimental animals. Rabbit anti-mouse DBH, goat anti-mouse activator protein-2α and rabbit anti-mouse β-actin （Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA）, horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, FITC-labeled mouse anti-rabbit IgG, and Cy3-labeled mouse anti-goat IgG （Boster, Wuhan, China）, were used in this study. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of DBH or activator protein-2α, with double-label immunofluorescence being employed to determine coexpression of both, in the cerebellum of 5 randomly selected rats. Western blot assay was utilized to determine the expression of DBH and activator protein-2α in the cerebellum of the remaining 5 rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression, localization and coexistence of DBH and activator protein-2α in the cerebellum were measured separately. RESULTS： Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that cerebellar Purkinje cells stained positive for DBH and activator protein-2α. Western blot assay also demonstrated DBH and activator protein-2α expression in the cerebellum. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed the coexistence of DBH and activator protein-2α in cerebellar Purkinje cells. CONCLUSION： Norepinephrine and activator protein-2α coexist in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells.