骨质疏松患者椎弓根螺钉稳定性的随访☆

背景:骨质疏松患者置入椎弓根螺钉后,易发生螺钉松动和复位矫正丢失等固定不稳现象,因此,骨质疏松被认为是椎弓根螺钉的相对禁忌证. 目的:观察骨质疏松患者提高椎弓根螺钉稳定性方法的临床应用效果. 方法:34例骨质疏松患者行椎弓根螺钉内固定,术中采用了提高椎弓根螺钉稳定性方法.骨折患者14例(骨折组),骨病患者20例.20例骨病患者和5例骨折患者行脊柱后外侧或椎间植骨融合(融合组).骨质疏松按 Jikei 分级,初级8例,Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级7例.对19例初级和Ⅰ级骨质疏松患者,采用较粗和较长螺钉,同时结合采用螺钉与连接棒强直性连接,且有两根横向连接装置,左右、上下椎弓根螺钉分别在水平面和矢状面以较大成角置入螺钉等方法提高螺钉固定相对稳定性;对15例Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级骨质疏松患者,钉道注入骨水泥以提高螺钉固定绝对稳定性. 结果与结论:随访9-26个月,平均14个月,无螺钉断裂,骨折组仅2例 JikeiⅠ级患者固定后五六个月时发生螺钉松动、部分复位矫正丢失等固定不稳,但无明显其他不良影响.骨折组复位矫正丢失平均5%,融合组植骨融合率100%.对于骨质疏松患者,根据骨质梳松程度采用不同的提高螺钉固定稳定性方法,可以减少螺钉松动和复位矫正丢失等固定不稳并发症.     

骶骨不全骨折

介绍骶骨不全骨折的军政府、发生机制、诊断和治疗等问题。     

体外成形多柱状骨水泥填充物应用诱导膜技术在骨缺损中的治疗效果

目的  探讨体外成形多柱状骨水泥填充物应用诱导膜技术在骨缺损治疗中的治疗效果。方法  诱导膜技术第一阶段手术行彻底扩创和骨固定后,根据骨缺损的大小,在体外制作相应大小的多个柱状结构骨水泥填充物,凝固、冷却后置入骨缺损部位,骨感染者使用抗生素骨水泥;第2阶段手术切开诱导膜取出填充物后植骨。按上述方法治疗16例骨缺损长度2.0～9.0 cm（平均6.1 cm）患者,其中骨感染11例。骨缺损愈合分级和邻近关节功能恢复分级分别按Paley方法评价。结果  除1例骨感染第一阶段需要2次扩创控制感染外,其余患者均一次扩创控制感染;第2阶段植骨术后患者获13～50个月（平均16.3个月）随访,骨缺损均骨愈合,临床愈合时间4.0～5.0个月（平均4.5个月）,无感染或感染复发,均恢复负重功能,骨缺损愈合分级均为优,末次随访,邻近关节功能恢复优5例、良9例、可2例。结论  体外成形多柱状骨水泥填充物应用诱导膜技术治疗骨缺损,由于填充物的表面积较大,便于行髓腔灌洗,抗生素释放率较高,故控制骨感染的效果较好;同时,填充物容易取出,不会破坏诱导膜,所以成骨修复骨缺损效果也较好。

     

Screw placement of pedicle of vertebral arch—pay great attention to segmental differences of the pedicle

OBJECTIVE: To investigate appropriate ways for screw placement of pedicle of vertebral arch in the horizontal plane. METHODS: Fifteen preserved thoracolumbar spine specimens (T(11)-L(5)) were used and divided into three groups at random. Firstly four anatomic parameters indicating screw positions in the horizontal plane were measured. Secondly the methods of Roy-camille, Magerl, and authors' segmental differences were used to place successively the screws of the pedicles with 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm in diameter. Coincidences between the drilling point, drilling direction and pedicle axis, and ruptures of the pedicle as well as the length of the screw in the vertebral body were observed. RESULTS: Four anatomic parameters at various segments showed significant differences (P<0.05). The drilling point by the Roy-camille's method deviated medial to pedicle axis in most segments, and its drilling direction did not coincide well with most E-angles of the pedicles. The drilling point by Magerl's method coincided relatively well with pedicle axis in lumbar vertebrae, but there were still some differences between its drilling direction and E-angles of the pedicles. The method of segmental differences coincided the best with the pedicle axis. The lengths of screw in the vertebra were relatively long by both Magerl and segmental difference methods. When 5 mm diametral screw was used by the three methods, the rupture rate was very low. When 6 mm and 7 mm diametral screws were placed, the rupture rate was accordingly increased. Of the three methods, Roy-camille's method showed a relatively high rupture rate, while the method of segmental differences a comparatively low rupture rate. Various degrees of rupture of the pedicle of vertebral arch were found at the juncture of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae when 6 mm or 7 mm diametral screws was used by any screw placement method. In contrast, the rupture was seldom seen at the lower lumbar vertebrae when 7 mm diametral screws were used. CONCLUSIONS: The segmental difference method is proved to have the anatomic safety and screw biomechanical stability. It is appropriate to choose different diametral screws, different drilling points and directions according to different segments of the vertebra.     

解剖倾斜位X线成像判断桡骨远端螺钉位置

目的　探讨腕关节解剖倾斜位X线成像判断桡骨远端螺钉位置的可靠性和临床价值。 方法　对标准X线平片可疑桡骨远端螺钉穿破关节31例患者的螺钉位置分别行CT扫描和腕关节解剖倾斜位X线摄片（简称ATX）检查。选择二位观察者依据ATX独立判断螺钉位置,并与CT扫描结果比较,计算ATX判断的敏感性、特异性和预估值,用一致性检验计算判断的可靠性。67例可疑螺钉穿破关节患者应用ATX判断螺钉位置穿破28例、未穿破39例。术中发现穿破者,立即更换螺钉位置;术后发现穿破者,骨折愈合后早日取出螺钉。 结果　观察者首次判断的敏感性为88.24%～94.12%,特异性为87.50%～106.25%,预估值为87.50%～100.00%;观察者间可信性Kappa系数为0.81～0.94,可重复性Kappa系数均为0.87,具有高度可信性和高度可重复性。随访16～30个月。末次随访,未穿破组腕关节功能（Sarmiento标准）优14例、良19例、可5例、差1例,穿破组优10例、良13例、可4例、差1例,两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论　ATX判断桡骨远端螺钉位置简便、实用、较可靠。     

玻璃酸钠注射加液压扩张治疗肩关节周围炎

目的探讨玻璃酸钠注射加液压扩张疗法对肩周炎的疗效。方法对64例肩周炎进行关节囊内液压扩张治疗,局麻加玻璃酸钠注射,适当辅助锻炼。结果 64例患者中,7例未能完成1个疗程治疗,其余术后5个月以上随访,有效率为90%,优良率为89%。结论液压扩张疗法是治疗肩周炎的有效方法,尤其对轻中型患者疗效明显。     

椎弓根螺钉位置与手术效果的关系

目的：分析螺钉位置与手术效果的关系。方法：对３０５例共１２１４枚椎弓根螺钉位置进行ＸＣＴ扫描或Ｘ线平片分析,以器械中穿破了大螺钉为标准将３０５例分为好、可、差３组。结果：螺钉完全位于椎弓根内占８５．７％,螺和部分穿破椎弓根皮质占１１．４％,螺钉穿破椎弓根皮质较多占２．９％,穿破率在Ｔ１１－Ｔ１２节段较高为１８．７％。好２０６例、可８０例、差１９例,好与可组的脊椎骨折复位效果并无显著差异,可组仅１例     

可消毒止血带在股骨干中下段骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用价值

目的探讨可消毒止血带在股骨干中下段骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析同一手术组使用（试验组,45例）和不使用（对照组,45例）可消毒止血带行股骨干中下段骨折切开复位内固定术的资料。结果2组切口均一期愈合,无血管神经损伤和感染发生。患者均获随访12～32个月,平均16．7个月。骨折均愈合,无内固定断裂、再骨折和骨不连等并发症发生。2组骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。末次随访时,试验组膝关节功能HSS评分优14例、良31例,对照组优13例、良32例,2组HSS评分优良率均为100％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。试验组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量和实际总失血量均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论使用可消毒止血带行股骨干中下段骨折切开复位内固定术对患者膝关节功能恢复、骨折愈合时间和并发症发生率无影响,但可以有效减少出血和输血量．缩短手术时间。