先天性骨性外耳道发育畸形的CT表现及分类方法探讨

骨性外耳道发育不良是先天性外、中耳发育畸形的常见形式之一,CT表现较为复杂,目前认为骨性外耳道发育畸形分为以下3种类型:骨性外耳道闭锁、骨性外耳道狭窄和垂卣外耳道.     

眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症CT及MRI表现

目的探讨眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症影像学表现. 材料与方法回顾性分析资料完整的12例眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症,均行CT扫描,其中6例行MRI检查. 结果主要临床表现为突眼.常见部位为眼眶外上壁、上壁及外壁.HRCT表现均呈溶骨性破坏,边界清楚但无硬化,伴大的软组织肿块;MRI表现T 1WI均呈低信号(与脑实质比较,以下同),T2WI呈等或高信号.CT及MRI显示病变中～重度强化. 结论 HRCT可清楚显示眼眶郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症的骨质改变,能帮助临床诊断;MRI可准确判断病变范围;两者结合在本病的诊断、治疗及随访中起重要作用.     

腭裂术后腭裂隙内自发骨组织形成现象的初步观察

目的 观察腭裂修复术后腭裂隙骨性愈合状况,并讨论影响骨性愈合的因素。方法 对20例完全性腭裂术后患者行头颅冠状CT扫描,观察腭裂骨性裂隙的愈合情况并测量腭裂隙内骨桥形成的位置、形态及质量。结果 20例腭裂术后患者中有13例（65%）的腭裂隙内不同程度地有骨桥形成。在形成骨桥的患者中,男女比例接近;单侧与双侧腭裂者骨桥形成情况相似;在不同手术年龄的患者中,4～6岁接受腭裂修复术者骨桥形成最为明显;所形成的腭裂隙内骨桥相对集中于双尖牙区及磨牙区前份。结论 在一定条件下腭裂术后骨性腭裂隙内有新生骨桥形成。     

中药药浴联合西医治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的疗效和安全性分析

目的 通过运用中药药浴联合西医治疗类风湿性关节炎,观察疗效和安全性.方法 选择我院2011年1～12月间收治类风湿关节炎64例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各32例,对照组选择西医治疗,观察组选择对照组基础上加用中药药浴配合治疗.结果 经过3个疗程治疗后,两组患者治疗疗效详见表1,观察组总有效率为93.75％,对照组为66.63％,治疗1个疗程后晨僵时间和疼痛都明显好转,且两组治疗前后差异明显;治疗后观察6个月～1年,观察组,无不良反应出现.结论 中药药浴配合西医治疗类风湿性关节有疗效好、总有效率高、不良反应少见等诸多优点,值得疗程推广运用.     

可回收全覆膜金属支架治疗良性气管狭窄

气管狭窄段切除后端端吻合术是治疗良性气管狭窄的标准方法[1],然而随着气管内介入治疗技术不断发展,良性气管狭窄治疗的方法逐渐多样化、微创化,其中气管支架是介入治疗的主要方法之一.笔者旨在探讨可回收全覆膜金属支架在良性气管狭窄治疗中的临床效果、并发症的处理和取出时间,评价该方法在良性气管狭窄治疗中的应用价值.     

眼肌麻痹的CT和MRI研究

目的 回顾性分析眼肌麻痹患者的CT和MRI资料,探讨引起眼肌麻痹的病变发生特点及最佳扫描方案.方法 搜集1376例因眼肌麻痹为主要症状行CT和(或)MRI患者的资料,计算总阳性率及各病变的构成比,比较分析不同检查方法及序列显示海绵窦炎症等病变的情况.统计学分析采用多配对样本的Friedman检验,两两比较采用Wilcoxon检验.结果 影像检查的总阳性率为91.9%(1264/1376),同时行CT和MRI的50例中,MRI阳性率(92.0%,46/50)高于CT(48.0%,24/50)(Z=-4.8,P＜0.01).引起眼肌麻痹的病变:海绵窦区病变552例,占43.7%;眼外肌病变518例,占41.0%;颅眶沟通性病变108例,占8.5%;其他病变86例,占6.8%.对行MRI的283例海绵窦炎症,5种MRI序列显示率差异有统计学意义(χ2=1047.1,P＜0.01);横断薄层T1WI[(2.71±0.69)分]优于横断厚层T2WI[(1.67±0.64)分],横断薄层增强T1WI[(3.92±0.27)分]优于横断厚层T2WI,横断薄层增强T1WI优于横断薄层T1WI,横断薄层增强T1WI优于冠状薄层T1WI[(3.10±0.39)分],冠状薄层T1WI优于横断薄层T1WI,冠状薄层T1WI优于横断厚层T2WI,冠状薄层增强T1WI[(3.95±0.22)分]优于横断薄层T1WI,冠状薄层增强T1WI优于横断厚层T2WI,冠状薄层增强T1WI优于冠状薄层T1WI(P值均＜0.01).对动眼神经和外展神经病变,增强MRI阳性率(100%,39/39)高于平扫(82.1%,32/39)(Z=-2.1,P＜0.05).结论 CT和MRI可显示引起眼肌麻痹的病变,MRI是眼肌麻痹患者的最佳影像检查方法.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the diseases responsible for ophthalmoplegia and determine the optimal technique identifying the lesions. Methods CT and MR imaging findings of 1376 patients with ophthalmoplegia were analyzed. The total positive rate and ratio of the diseases causing ophthalmoplegia were calculated. The efficiency of various methods and sequences was compared in the evaluation of cavernous sinus inflammation and other lesions. Multi-paired samples Friedman test was used to compare five kinds of images from different methods and sequences, and Wilcoxon test was used to compare between every two kinds of images. Results The total positive rate was 91.9% (1264/1376). In 50 patients who underwent both CT and MRI, the positive rate of MRI (92. 0% ,46/50) was higher than that of CT (48.0% ,24/50)(Z = -4. 8, P ＜ 0. 01). There were 552 cases (43.7%) of cavernous sinus lesions, 518 cases (41.0%)of extraocular muscle diseases, 108 cases (8. 5%) of cranio-orbital communicating lesions and 86 patients (6. 8%) of other lesions. The five kinds of images from various methods and sequences had significant difference in the detection of 283 cavernous sinus inflammation (χ2 = 1047. 1, P ＜ 0. 01) cases. Transverse T1WI with thin slice thickness[(2. 71 ± 0. 69)scores]was better than that with thick slice thickness [(1.67 ± 0. 64) scores], contrast transverse T1 WI with thin slice thickness[(3.92 ± 0. 27) scores]was better than transverse T2WI with thick slice thickness, transverse T1WI and coronal T1 WI with thin slice thickness[(3. 10 ± 0. 39) scores]. Coronal T1 WI with thin slice thickness was better than transverse T1 WI with thin slice thickness and transverse T2WI, and the contrast coronal T1WI with thin slice thickness [(3.95 ± 0. 22) scores]was better than transverse T, WI with thin slice thickness, transverse T2 WI and coronal T1WI (P ＜0. 01 separately). The positive rate of enhanced MRI (100% ,39/39) was higher than that of nonenhanced MRI (82. 1% ,32/39) (Z = - 2. 1, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion CT and MRI can show the lesions responsible for ophthalmoplegia. MRI is the best examination method in displaying these lesions.     

慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术、组织病理学证实的10例慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎的影像学资料。结果慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎发生于蝶窦5例，上颌窦3例，筛窦2例。CT表现：受累窦腔内充以软组织影，其中1例伴斑点状钙化；窦壁骨质破坏，同时伴周围骨质增生肥厚。MRI表现：T1WI为低信号（与脑实质比较，以下相同）2例，等信号7例；T2WI信号不均匀，7例以低信号为主，2例以高信号为主；增强后病变明显强化。侵犯邻近结构：眼眶9例，其中6例累及眶尖区，可见不规则软组织肿块影，与邻近眼外肌分界不清楚，7例包绕视神经；6例侵犯海绵窦，可见形态不一的软组织影；脑膜增厚、强化5例，3例侵犯脑实质，表现为水肿1例，肉芽肿2例；4例侵犯翼腭窝及颞下窝；3例鼻咽部软组织增厚；2例上颌神经和1例下颌神经明显增粗、强化；3例面颊部软组织肿胀；1例硬腭骨质破坏。结论窦壁骨质破坏伴硬化、MR T2WI低信号、易侵犯眶尖及海绵窦为本病特征性影像学表现。结合CT和MRI2种检查方法能够对本病的诊断、鉴别和治疗提供更可靠的信息。     

MR扩散加权成像在眼眶良恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 分析眶内良恶性肿块的扩散加权成像(DWI)特征,评价表观扩散系数(ADC)值对其诊断价值.方法 对77例眶内肿块进行常规MRI及DWI,其中良性肿块55例,恶性肿块22例.扩散敏感系数(b)值=0、1000 s/mm2,测量病变对侧颞叶脑白质感兴趣区DWI信号,获得相应的肿块区ADC(ADCM)值、病变对侧颞叶脑白质ADC(ADCw)值,计算二者比值(ADCR).以不同ADCM值及ADCR作为临界点区分眶内良恶性肿块绘制出受试者工作特征曲线(ROC).结果 眶内良性肿块ADCM值及ADCR分别为(1.56±0.75)×10-3mm2/s、1.85±0.91;恶性肿块ADCM值及ADCR分别为(1.09±0.42)×10-3mm2/s、1.28±0.53;良性肿块ADCM值及ADCR显著高于恶性肿块(t值分别为2.803、2.735,P值均＜0.01).以不同ADCM值、ADCR作为临界点判断眶内良恶性肿块绘制ROC,曲线下面积均为0.71±0.07.以ADCM值为1.05×10-3mm2/s作为判断眶内良恶性肿块的决定值,灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为59.1%(13/22)、78.2%(43/55)和72.7%(56/77);以ADCR为1.24作为决定值,灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为59.1%(13/22)、76.4%(42/55)和71.4%(55/77).结论 DWI可揭示眼眶肿块的扩散特征,ADC值对于良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断具有辅助诊断价值.     

眼眶肿块的MR扩散加权成像研究

目的 评价表现扩散系数(ADC)值对眼眶不同类型肿块的诊断与鉴别诊断价值. 资料与方法 65例眶内肿块病例行常规MRI及扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描.分别测量病变兴趣区及对侧颞叶脑白质ADC值,比较不同类型眼眶病变ADC差别. 结果 65例眶内肿块的ADCM为(1.38±0.55) ×10-3 mm2/ s,ADCw为(0.85±0.07) ×10-3 mm2/ s.其中淋巴造血系肿瘤ADCM为(0.76±0.12)×10-3 mm2/ s;癌ADCM为(1.36±0.39)×10-3 mm2/ s;良性实性肿块ADCM为(1.35±0.54)×10-3 mm2/ s;脉管性肿块ADCM为(1.50±0.30)×10-3 mm2/ s;囊性肿块ADCM为(1.92±0.99)×10-3 mm2/ s.不同组间眼眶肿块ADCM差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中淋巴造血系肿瘤ADCM显著低于癌、良性实性肿块、脉管性肿块、囊性肿块(P＜0.01);癌、良性实性肿块ADCM显著低于囊性肿块(P＜0.05);癌、良性实性肿块与脉管性肿块之间ADCM差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),脉管性肿块与囊性肿块ADCM差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 DWI可反映眼眶肿块的扩散特征,不同类型眶内肿块ADC值之间具有差异,有助于病变的鉴别诊断.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.