Oxygen Reverses Deficits of Cognitive Function and Memory and Increased Heart Rate Induced by Acute Severe Isovolemic Anemia

Background: Erythrocytes are transfused to improve oxygen delivery and prevent or treat inadequate oxygenation of tissues. Acute isovolemic anemia subtly slows human data processing and degrades memory, increases heart rate, and decreases self-assessed energy level. Erythrocyte transfusion is efficacious in reversing these effects of acute anemia. We tested the hypothesis that increasing arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) to 350 mmHg or greater would supply sufficient oxygen to be equivalent to augmenting hemoglobin concentration by 2-3 g/dl and thus reverse the effects of acute anemia.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy volunteers, aged 28 +/- 4 yr (mean +/- SD), were tested with verbal memory and standard, computerized neuropsychologic tests before and twice after acute isovolemic reduction of their hemoglobin concentration to 5.7 +/- 0.3 g/dl. Two sets of tests were performed in randomized order at the lower hemoglobin concentration: with the volunteer breathing room air or oxygen. The subject and those administering the tests and recording the results were unaware which gas was administered. As an additional control for duration of the experiment, 10 of these volunteers also completed the same tests on a separate day, without alteration of hemoglobin concentration, at times of the day similar to those on the experimental day. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and self-assessed sense of energy were recorded at the time of each test.

Results: Reaction time for digit-symbol substitution test increased, delayed memory was degraded, mean arterial pressure and energy level decreased, and heart rate increased at a hemoglobin concentration of 5.7 g/dl (all P < 0.05). Increasing Pao2 to 406 +/- 47 mmHg reversed the digit-symbol substitution test result and the delayed memory changes to values not different from those at the baseline hemoglobin concentration of 12.7 +/- 1.0 g/dl, and decreased heart rate (P < 0.05). However, mean arterial pressure and energy level changes were not altered with increased Pao2 during acute anemia.     

Differences in Systemic Opioid Use Do Not Explain Increased Fever Incidence in Parturients Receiving Epidural Analgesia

Background: It has been hypothesized that an increased incidence of fever in patients receiving epidural analgesia might result not from epidural per se, but rather from the antipyretic effect of opioids preferentially administered to women in the no-epidural group. If this were the case, then one would expect the incidence of fever in parturients who did not receive systemic opioids to be independent of whether they received epidural analgesia.

Methods: Using a cohort study design, the authors evaluated the records of 1,233 nulliparous patients whose labor analgesia was managed with (1) no medication (N = 170); (2) 10 mg intravenous systemic nalbuphine plus 10 mg intramuscular every 3 to 4 h as required (N = 327); (3) epidural analgesia with continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine with 2 [mu]g/ml fentanyl (N = 278); or (4) patients who received both systemic nalbuphine and epidural analgesia (N = 458). Fever was diagnosed if the maximum temperature during labor exceeded 100.4[degrees]F (38[degrees]C).

Results: The incidence of fever did not differ according to nalbuphine administration for women not receiving epidural analgesia (1% no nalbuphine, 0.3% with nalbuphine, P = 0.27) or for women receiving epidural analgesia (17% no nalbuphine, 17% with nalbuphine, P = 1.0). However, the incidence of fever differed significantly between patients who received no analgesia as compared to those who received epidural analgesia alone (1%vs. 17%, P = 10-6). Controlling for confounding did not alter these associations.     

无C臂透视微创DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨析

目的探讨在无C臂透视下，应用动力髋螺钉（DHs）内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的方法和疗效。方法对38例股骨粗隆间骨折在无C臂透视条件下采用有限切开DHS内固定治疗。结果全部患者达到手术预期目标。结论在无C臂条件下，充分利用放射科经皮打人导针，有限切开DHS内固定，具有微创、安全、简便、术后功能恢复快等优点，是基层医院治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的一种较理想的手术方法。     

Apopotic gene Bax expression in carotid plaque

The expression of BAX in carotid atherosclcrosis and its regulation is far from defined. Objectives To investigate BAX expression in stable/fibrous and instable/vulnerable carotid plaque and its clinical significance. Methods 25 cases of carotid plaque specimens obtained from endarterectomy were divided into two groups, stable/fibrous 14 cases, vulnerable/instable 11 cases; aortic artery and its branches from hepatic transplantation donors 6 case as control. The expression of proapoptotic BAX was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization(ISH) and in situ TdT dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results 5 eases of BAX ( ) were detected by ICH and ISH, 4 case of TUNEL ( ) were detected by TUNEL in stable/fibrous carotid plaque, while 10 cases were BAX ( )by IHC(P<0.05) , 11 case by ISH and 9 case by TUNEL were detected in instable/vulnerable carotid plaque (P<0.01), respectively. The intensity of BAX ( ) cells by IHC and ISH was 8.63±2.62 and 10.32±3.12 in fibrous plaques, whereas 122±21.64 and 152±23.35 in vulnerable plaques, respectively. No expression of BAX was found in controlled group. Conclusion The higher expression of Bax in vulnerable carotid plaque may be one mechanisms in molecular pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis which affect plaque stability and be the cause of higher incidence of stroke than fibrous carotid plaques, the regulation of BAX expression in different stage of atherosclerosis may provide targets in gene therapy for carotid atherosclerosis.     

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Consumption of Soy Diet before Nerve Injury Preempts the Development of Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Background : A previous report using a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) model for neuropathic pain in rats demonstrated that consumption of soy-containing diets preoperatively and postoperatively suppressed development of mechanical and heat allodynia, as well as hyperalgesia. The current study examined whether dietary soy suppresses these neuropathic sensory disorders when consumed either before or after PSL injury.

Methods : Male Wistar rats were grouped into seven different feeding regimens. These rats were fed SOY (RMH-1000, PMI Feeds, St. Louis, MO), a diet containing 85% soy protein since weaning, and were then switched to noSOY (Bio-Serv Co., Frenchtown, NJ), a diet devoid of soy at certain time points before PSL injury (14, 7, 1 days, or 15 and 0 h). Postoperatively, these rats were fed SOY or noSOY diets. Levels of mechanical and heat allodynia and hyperalgesia were determined preoperatively and 3, 8, and 14 days after PSL injury.

Results : Compared with groups fed preoperative noSOY, consumption of SOY before PSL injury significantly blunted postoperative levels of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Administering the SOY diet both before and after PSL injury provided no additional suppression of neuropathic pain. No pain suppression was noted in rats fed a noSOY diet preoperatively and SOY diet after PSL injury. Switching from SOY to noSOY feeding within 15 h of PSL injury was sufficient to allow for the full development of allodynia and hyperalgesia.     

FMNL2在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究在胃癌组织中形成素样蛋白2（FMNL2）的表达及临床意义。方法:收集普外科30例胃癌组织标本及其对应的远癌组织,利用免疫组化法及实时定量PCR法检测胃癌中FMNL2蛋白及mRNA的表达情况,并分析其蛋白表达与临床病理因素之间的关系,运用数据库Kaplan-Meier分析胃癌的生存状况。结果:胃癌组织中FMNL2蛋白及mRNA的表达均明显高于对应的远癌组织（均P < 0.05）;FMNL2蛋白表达与胃癌的淋巴结转移、TNM分期密切相关（均P < 0.05）,而与患者的年龄、性别、浸润深度、分化程度以及远处转移之间没有显著相关性（均P>0.05）;K-M生存曲线显示FMNL2表达水平与胃癌生存预后明显相关（均P < 0.05）。结论:FMNL2在胃癌组织中高表达,且与肿瘤的一些临床病理因素特别是淋巴结转移密切相关。FMNL2可能作为肿瘤转移、判断预后的标志基因。     

MRI影像与CT影像融合技术在局部晚期食管癌放疗靶区勾画中的应用研究

目的:探讨磁共振弥散加权影像（DWI）联合T2WI影像融合电子计算机断层扫描（CT）影像技术在局部晚期食管癌放疗靶区勾画中的应用价值。方法:选取2018年3月-2019年3月本院收治的食管癌局部晚期患者31例为研究对象,患者均在放疗前行CT和MRI常规及DWI检查,采用Eclipse治疗计划系统将两种影像学图片融合,由3名放疗科医师在CT图像及融合图像上进行放疗靶区勾画,分别记作A、B、C组。比较两种勾画方案勾画食管癌大体肿瘤靶区(GTV)和临床靶区（CTV）体积、长度、厚度及其变异系数CV值和Ratio值（最大值/最小值）,分析CT图像与融合图像GTV和CTV体积差异的原因。结果: 以CT为基础勾画的GTV和CTV体积、长度、厚度均大于以融合图像为基础勾画,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。3名放疗医师以CT图像为基础勾画的各项指标CV值、Ratio均大于以融合图像为基础勾画,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;多因素分析,颈段食管癌、T4期食管癌是影响CT图像与融合图像GTV和CTV体积差异的独立相关因素（均P＜0.05）。结论:相对于CT图像,DWI联合T2WI影像融合CT影像技术能有效指导食管癌放疗靶区勾画及不同医师靶区勾画一致性。     

IL-1β基因多态性与汉族人群抑郁障碍相关性研究

目的:探讨白细胞介素（IL）-1β基因多态性与汉族人群生活事件及抑郁障碍的关系。方法:共纳入重性抑郁障碍患者433例作为病例组,并纳入基本情况相匹配的正常对照者421名作为对照组 。以HAMD-17方法分别评定两组受试者抑郁障碍的严重程度,同时以生活事件量表（LES）对病例组近1年的生活事件进行评定。从被试者静脉血中提取基因组DNA,选取IL-1β基因上3个位点:rs13032029 、rs1143623和rs3917368。采用以基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）进行候选基因多态性位点基因分型。运用SPSS22.0统计软件包进行数据分析。结果:在病例组和对照组中,IL-1 β基因rs13032029位点的基因型频率分别为:CC型28.6%和28.5%,CT型47.3%和52.7%,TT型23.8%和18.5%,差异无统计学意义（?字2=4.028,P=0.258）。在病例组和对照组中,rs1143623位点基因型频 率分别为:CC型36.5%和31.1%,GC型45.3%和51.8%,GG型18.0%和16.6%,差异无统计学意义（?字2=4.29,P=0.232）。在病例组和对照组中,rs3917368位点基因型频率分别为:CC型24.5%和25.4%,CT型 47.6%和46.6%,TT型27.3%和27.6%,差异无统计学意义（?字2=0.302,P=0.960）。3个位点不同基因型患者的HAMD总分、各条目之间的差异没有统计学意义。LES总分及生活事件的多元回归分析差异无统 计学意义。结论:未发现IL-1β基因rs13032029、rs1143623和rs3917368基因多态性与汉族人群生活事件和抑郁障碍的发病存在相关性。