Peripheral Nerve Injury Sensitizes the Response to Visceral Distension but Not Its Inhibition by the Antidepressant Milnacipran

Background: Manipulations that cause hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli have been shown to also result in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes, but the converse has not been examined. The authors tested whether lumbar spinal nerve ligation in rats, a common model of neuropathic pain that results in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli, also leads to hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes and whether pharmacology of inhibition differed between these two sensory modalities.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were ligated. Animals received either intrathecal saline or milnacipran (0.1-3 [mu]g), and withdrawal thresholds to mechanical testing in the left hind paw, using von Frey filaments, and visceral testing, using balloon colorectal distension, were determined.

Results: Nerve ligation resulted in decreases in threshold to withdrawal to somatic mechanical stimulation (from 13 +/- 1.8 g to 2.7 +/- 0.7 g) and also in decreases in threshold to reflex response to visceral stimulation (from 60 mmHg to 40 mmHg). Intrathecal milnacipran increased withdrawal threshold to somatic stimulation in a dose-dependent manner but failed to alter the response to noxious visceral stimulation.     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

维思通与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状对照研究的再分析

目的 :进一步认识维思通和氯氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的临床疗效及副反应差异。方法 :收集 14篇关于维思通和氯氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状对照研究的文章 ,并作再分析。结果 :维思通和氯氮平治疗前后z1=2 5 13,P <0 0 1;z2 =19 72 ,P <0 0 1,及两组治疗后评分ΔZ2 =- 5 78,P>0 0 5 ,Δ d =0 2 6 ,表明维思通和氯氮平对精神分裂症的阴性症状均有效 ,且维思通对精神分裂症的阴性症状的疗效优于氯氮平 ,但这种差异效应偏小。在副反应方面 ,维思通的锥体外系反应、失眠症状明显多于氯氮平 χ2 =41 40 ,P <0 0 1;χ2 =2 5 0 6 ,P <0 0 1,其它副反应则明显少于氯氮平 (χ2 =10 2 1～ 119 6 0 ,P <0 0 2 )。结论 :维思通和氯氮平对精神分裂症阴性症状均有显著疗效 ,且维思通疗效优于氯氮平 ,差异有显著性 ,两药的副反应亦显著不同     

肝门部异位血管压迫胆管合并肝内胆管结石的手术处理

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石伴肝门部异位血管的手术处理方法。方法 对23例肝门部异位血管直接压迫胆管致胆管狭窄合并胆管结石患者的手术处理方法进行了回顾性分析。结果 本组未发生严重术后并发症和手术期死亡。23例中19例(82．6％)获随访，随访时间4～14年，平均8．8年。疗效优良率84．2％(16／19)。结论 采用合适的手术方法治疗肝门部异位血管合并肝内胆管结石，既能达到完成复杂的胆道手术，又能避免肝脏缺血性损害的目的。     

囊性颅咽管瘤的立体定向囊内放射治疗

西安唐都医院自2001年至2005年对36例术后复发的囊性颅咽管瘤病人进行立体定向囊内治疗,取得显著疗效,现总结如下。资料与方法1.一般资料:男26例,女10例,年龄最大     

临产前如何准确估计胎儿体重

分娩前准确估计胎儿体重，有利于采取正确的分娩方案，从而提高母婴的安全性。预测胎儿体重，目前有如下方法。     

经闭孔尿道中段尿道下悬吊带术治疗压力性尿失禁患者术后生活质量的研究

目的:本研究旨在采用一项生活质量及预后分析法,对压力性尿失禁患者经闭孔尿道中段聚丙烯悬吊带术的治疗效果进行评价。研究设计:47例患者在治疗前和治疗后完成了一项有效的个人尿失禁影响的调查问卷。这些患者同时完成了一项术后满意度调查问卷,以进行预后分析。采用配对t检验     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞:低风险妊娠滋养细胞疾病的新疗法

报道1例慢性妊娠滋养细胞病例(GTD),采用选择性子宫动脉栓塞以代替侵入性手术治疗,控制了盆腔出血及疾病进展。选择性子宫动脉栓塞:低风险妊娠滋养细胞疾病的新疗法@Carlini L.$Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sezione Corso Laurea in Ostetricia, Università di