肾集合管癌的CT和MRI诊断

目的:分析肾集合管癌的CT和MRI表现,提高对肾集合管癌诊断的准确性.方法:回顾性分析7例经病理证实的肾集合管癌的临床表现、影像学及病理学特征.其中5例行CT平扫及增强扫描,2例行MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果:7例中男4例,女3例.年龄44～76岁,中位年龄58岁.肿瘤位于左肾5例,右肾2例.肿瘤直径3.6～6.7cm,平均5.2cm.7例均是实性肿块,形态不规则、边界不清.5例肾脏轮廓改变.CT平扫为等密度,T1WI为等或稍高信号,T2 WI为低信号,密度或信号多不均匀,内可见片状坏死区,增强后呈轻度不均匀延迟强化.5例有腹膜后淋巴结肿大,其中1例有同侧肾上腺转移,1例有颈部淋巴结转移.3例有肾静脉癌栓形成.结论:肾集合管癌的CT和MRI表现有一定的特征性,在肾内出现以髓质为中心、边界不清、增强后轻度延迟强化肿块,早期即有淋巴结转移时应考虑此病的可能.     

多层螺旋CT肠道成像的临床研究

Objective To investigate the value and usefulness of optimized multislice CT enterography (MSCTE) with orally administered isosmotic mannitol (2. 5%) as negative contrast in demonstrating the small bowel and its abnormality. Methods Forty patients suspected of intestinal tumors were randomly divided into two groups and underwent conventional or optimized MSCTE. The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the thickness of bowel wall were evaluated for the six segments of the small intestine. The other 20 patients suspected of gastrointestinal diseases underwent gastrointestinal CT imaging.The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the wall thickness of bowel wall were statistically analyzed with Chi-Square test and t test. Results The wall thickness of the stomach, ileum and colon were (2. 56 ±0.52) ,(1.41 ±0. 15),(1.46 ±0. 13),(1.91 ±0. 25), (1.97 ±0.26),(2.01 ±0. 19), (2. 04 ±0.24)and (2. 05 ±0. 18)mm. Optimized method was superior to conventional method in the expansion degree of the second and third segments of the small intestine (P ＜ 0. 05) . There was no significant differences between two groups in the expansion degree and depiction of mucosa for the other segments of small intestine (P ＞ 0. 05). The gastrointestinal CT imaging was poor in the depiction of the duodenum and jejunum, but stomach, ileum and colon were fully illustrated. Conclusion Optimized MSCTE was superior to conventional method in demonstrating the small bowel, and gastrointestinal CT imaging can expand diagnostic scope because of good observation of whole gastrointestinal tract.     

多排螺旋CT图像后处理技术在复杂型先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

术前准确了解复杂型先天性心脏病(先心病)的形态、部位、大小及与周围组织的毗邻关系对临床采取恰当的治疗方法有一定的参考意义。近年来,随着多排螺旋CT(multi-detector spiral computed tomography,MDCT)技术的进步,多种丰富的图像重建方式,如多平面重建(multiple planar reformation,     

腹部神经鞘瘤13例多层CT诊断

神经鞘瘤又称雪旺细胞瘤或神经膜细胞瘤,是起源于胚胎期神经嵴来源的雪旺细胞或神经膜细胞的良性肿瘤,相当于WHO I级[1],发生于颅神经者较周围神经者更为常见,多见于四肢屈侧大神经干、椎管、颈部及后纵隔,腹膜后间隙较少.作者对13例腹部神经鞘瘤患者的多层CT(multi-slice CT,MSCT)表现进行了分析,报道如下.     

MSCT及多平面重建技术对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值

目的 分析胃肠道间质瘤的MSCT表现特征,评价MSCT及多平面重建技术对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理及免疫组化证实的胃肠道间质瘤31例,31例术前均行MSCT平扫加增强扫描,通过MSCT多平面重建观察肿瘤的MSCT表现特征,并与术后病理对照.结果 肿瘤位于胃20例,小肠8例,食管1例,胃肠道外2例;良性11例,恶性20例;腔外型19例,腔内型6例,腔内外型6例;肿块直径<5 cm 12例,直径>5 cm 19例;15例为实性肿块,有囊变坏死16例,肿块密度大多数不均匀,增强呈中度以上不均匀强化.结论 MSCT及多平面重建技术能清楚显示胃肠道间质瘤的特征,定位准确,但对判断肿瘤良恶性有一定限度. Abstract： Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MSCT and its multiplanar reconstruction techniques(MPR) in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) through discussing the MSCT features. Methods Thirty-one cases with gastrointestinal stromal tumors were analyzed retrospectively, which were confirmed by pathology and immuno-histochemistry follow-up.Plain and enhanced MSCT scanning were performed in all cases. CT manifestation in MPR were observed comprehensively and compared with pathological results. Results Tumor located in stomach (n=20), small intestine (n=8), esophagus (n=1), extra-gastrointestine (n=2); 11 were benign, 20 were malignant, there are 19 of extercavitary, 6 of intracavitary, 6 of intra-extercavitary; the diameter of tumor 12 cases were <5 cm in diameter,the diameter of tumor were >5 cm in 19 cases; 15 cases were solid mass, 16 cases were seen necrosis and cystic changes, most of mass had heterogeneous density, on contrast enhanced scans, inhomogeneous moderate or marked tumor enhancement were seen. Conclusions MSCT and MPR can show the characteristics of GISTs clearly and localize GISTs precisely, but it has a certain limit in differentiating benign from malignant GISTs.     

多层螺旋CT肠道成像的临床研究

目的 探讨口服2.5%等渗甘露醇多层螺旋CT肠道成像(MSCTE)的优势及其临床价值.方法 40例临床怀疑为小肠肿瘤疾病者采用完全随机法分为2组,分别行常规法与改良法CT小肠MSCTE,对比2种方法观察6段小肠(1段为十二指肠,2段为空肠近段,3段为空肠远段,4、5、6段为回肠)的管腔扩张度及管壁厚度.20例临床怀疑胃肠道疾病患者行全胃肠CT成像检查.对胃肠道管腔扩张度评分及管壁厚度采用x2检验和t检验进行比较.结果 胃、回肠及各组大肠肠壁厚度分别为(2.56±0.52)、(1.41±0.15)、(1.46±0.13)、(1.91±0.25)、(1.97±0.26)、(2.01±0.19)、(2.04±0.24)和(2.05±0.18)mm.改良法MSCTE对2、3段(空肠近段和远段)小肠肠壁、肠腔及黏膜皱襞的显示效果明显优于常规法(P值均＜0.05),2种方法对1、4、5、6组(十二指肠和回肠)小肠肠壁、肠腔及黏膜皱襞的显示效果差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).全胃肠CT成像对十二指肠及空肠充盈稍差,胃、回肠及大肠均充分充盈,胃肠道管腔、管壁及黏膜皱襞显示清晰.结论 改良法小肠MSCTE对空肠充盈效果更好,全胃肠CT成像能一次性使胃、小肠及大肠均较好的充盈,拓展了MSCTE的诊断范围.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value and usefulness of optimized multislice CT enterography (MSCTE) with orally administered isosmotic mannitol (2. 5%) as negative contrast in demonstrating the small bowel and its abnormality. Methods Forty patients suspected of intestinal tumors were randomly divided into two groups and underwent conventional or optimized MSCTE. The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the thickness of bowel wall were evaluated for the six segments of the small intestine. The other 20 patients suspected of gastrointestinal diseases underwent gastrointestinal CT imaging.The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the wall thickness of bowel wall were statistically analyzed with Chi-Square test and t test. Results The wall thickness of the stomach, ileum and colon were (2. 56 ±0.52) ,(1.41 ±0. 15),(1.46 ±0. 13),(1.91 ±0. 25), (1.97 ±0.26),(2.01 ±0. 19), (2. 04 ±0.24)and (2. 05 ±0. 18)mm. Optimized method was superior to conventional method in the expansion degree of the second and third segments of the small intestine (P ＜ 0. 05) . There was no significant differences between two groups in the expansion degree and depiction of mucosa for the other segments of small intestine (P ＞ 0. 05). The gastrointestinal CT imaging was poor in the depiction of the duodenum and jejunum, but stomach, ileum and colon were fully illustrated. Conclusion Optimized MSCTE was superior to conventional method in demonstrating the small bowel, and gastrointestinal CT imaging can expand diagnostic scope because of good observation of whole gastrointestinal tract.     

胃肿瘤64层螺旋CT灌注成像的初步研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT胃灌注成像在胃癌及胃间质瘤诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 对经手术病理证实的73例胃癌及43例胃间质瘤患者行64层螺旋CT灌注成像扫描,经ADW4.3工作站处理,得出相关灌注参数及灌注图像,并进一步分析不同分化程度胃癌及胃间质瘤与其灌注参数之间的关系.结果 胃癌灌注参数:血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)值分别为(121.6±61.06) ml·100 g-1·min-1,(10.45±7.09) ml/100 g,(6.89±3.59) s,(26.31±14.99) ml·100 g-1·min-1;良性胃间质瘤灌注参数BF、BV、MTT、PS值分别为(77.28±25.57) ml·100 g-1·min-1,(7.91±2.84) ml/100 g,(7.37±2.38) s,(13.99±4.06) ml·100 g-1·min-1;恶性胃间质瘤灌注参数BF、BV、MTT、PS 值分别为 (95.13±29.75) ml·100 g-1·min-1,(8.21±2.65) ml/100 g,(7.33±1.83)s,(14.15±4.04) ml·100 g-1·min-1.不同分化程度胃癌(分化组与未分化组)灌注参数值PS差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同分化程度胃间质瘤(良性与恶性)灌注参数BF、BV、MTT、PS值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);胃癌与恶性胃间质瘤灌注参数BF、MTT、PS值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 64层螺旋CT灌注成像对于进一步明确胃癌及胃间质瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有较大的临床应用价值,并对其治疗及预后方面有一定指导意义.     

组织细胞性恶性淋巴瘤早期广泛皮下肿块1例

患者:女性,48岁。因躯干部出现多个皮下肿块于1983年4月14日到我院就诊。体温37.3℃,体质消瘦。五官、心肺、肝脾未见异常。两腋下、胸腹、背部有大小不等皮下肿块20多个,形状不规则,高出于皮面,皮色正常,质硬,光滑,无压痛,     

进展期胃癌淋巴结转移的螺旋CT征象与病理学检查相对照

目的 探讨胃癌淋巴结转移的螺旋CT征象及其与病理学的关系.方法 对59例进展期胃癌患者行螺旋CT平扫及三期动态增强扫描. 结果①胃癌淋巴结螺旋CT呈融合型、强化明显、不均匀强化及直径≥9 mm者,病理转移的阳性率较高(P<0.05);②胃癌组织呈低分化、Borrmann Ⅲ+Ⅳ、浸润深度T3～4、TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ者,螺旋CT诊断淋巴结转移的阳性率较高(P<0.05),而与肿块的大小无关. 结论 胃癌淋巴结的螺旋CT征象(淋巴结分布类型、大小、强化程度、强化方式)可反映转移淋巴结的病理特性;胃癌组织的病理学特性(癌组织的分化程度、Borrmann分型、浸润深度及TNM分期)决定螺旋CT判定淋巴结转移的阳性率.综合胃癌组织及淋巴结的各种螺旋CT征象有助于提高CT诊断淋巴结转移的准确性.     

完全胃肠外营养

腹部严重创伤或复杂手术后，病人要经过一个组织分解代谢，负氮平衡的反应期。此期由于疾病和胃肠功能的抑制，不能摄入和