脊髓血管畸形血管内皮生长因子在脑脊液的表达

目的探讨脊髓血管畸形是否存在血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达,及其表达与临床特征之间是否存在相关性。方法在手术中留取56例脊髓血管畸形的脑脊液标本,其中动静脉畸形(SCAVM)23例,硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)19例,海绵状血管瘤(CM)14例;以我院12例蛛网膜下腔阻滞病人脑脊液作为对照组,分别通过酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)测定脊髓血管畸形脑脊液中VEGF含量。结果SCAVM脑脊液中VEGF浓度为(277±66)pg/ml、SDAVF为(318±54)pg/ml、CM为(146±32)pg/ml均高于正常对照组(123±27)pg/ml。术前栓塞和出血均可导致脑脊液VEGF升高。结论VEGF与脊髓血管畸形的发生、发展存在一定关系,出血和栓塞均可影响VEGF的表达。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统的设计与1122例多中心研究分析

目的：设计髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统并通过1122例髋臼骨折多中心分析研究,探索该系统的可行性与临床实用价值。方法：根据髋臼三柱壁概念,参考髋臼骨折多米诺骨牌效应所致的骨盆环损伤方向和股骨近端关节损伤程度,设A类为髋臼任何一柱、壁骨折;B类为任何二柱、壁骨折;C类为髋臼前、中（臼顶）、后柱/壁混合骨折。小写英文字母a、m、p,分别代表前、中、后柱/壁骨折。采取损伤变数分型：髋臼损伤变数,1系简单移位骨折;2系粉碎骨折;3系压缩性缺损。盆环损伤变数：α系骶髂关节/骶髂处骨折呈水平位分离变位;β系前者垂直方向分离变位;γ系耻骨联合分离/耻骨上、下支骨折变位;δ系αβγ综合性的浮动损伤。股近端关节损伤变数：Ⅰ系股骨头骨折;Ⅱ系股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ系股骨转子部骨折;Ⅳ系Ⅰ～Ⅲ混合性骨折。应用上述构成的髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统,统计1997年3月至2010年2月,1122例髋臼骨折,其中18例双侧髋臼骨折,共1140例髋。分析研究骨盆前后位片,髂骨、闭孔斜位片及2/3DCT资料。结果：1140例组别各损伤变数构成比：A类骨折237例（20.8%）,B类骨折605例（53.1%）,C类骨折298例（26.1%）。涉及前柱壁骨折808例,发生率为70.9%,中柱壁骨折507例,发生率为44.5%,后柱壁骨折1026例,发生率为90%。涉及髋臼变数1,即简单移位骨折203例（17.8%）;变数2,即粉碎性骨折516例（45.3%）;变数3,即压缩性骨折缺损421例（36.9%）;涉及骨盆环损伤249例,占总数21.8%;涉及股骨近端骨折75例,占总数的6.6%;双侧髋臼骨折与相关盆环、股骨近端变数组18例（1.6%）。1140例髋臼骨折之关键部位与疗效要素：涉及髋臼中（臼顶）柱/壁骨折507例（44.5%）;压缩性缺损421例（36.9%）;盆环变数249例（21.8%）;股近端关节变数75例（6.6%）;而相对简单的Aa/p1/2、Bap1/2型髋臼骨折486例（42.6%）。结论：研究表明髋臼损伤变数中粉碎压缩,尤其是压缩缺损骨折占重要比重,同时彰显了髋臼骨折合并骨盆环或股骨近端损伤变数并非少见。该研究揭示了髋臼骨折损伤变数之间的相互关系,其百分比表明了临床治疗的重点和要素：负重之臼顶44.5%;压缩之缺损36.9%;盆环之浮动21.8%;＂头-臼＂之双折6.6%。该系统在伤情评估、解剖定位、难度指数、选择对策、手术入路、疗效预后等方面,起到临床指导作用,创建了同类型骨折损伤变数的比较,为＂同质语言＂的交流,探索了新的途径。     

抑制胆囊癌细胞内Janus激酶/信号转导与转录激活子1信号通路以下调吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶表达的意义

目的 探讨调控胆囊癌细胞内Janus激酶(JAK)/信号转导与转录激活子1(STAT1)信号通路抑制吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(IDO)表达的作用机制,为解除胆囊癌生物治疗中肿瘤产生的免疫耐受提供理论依据.方法 应用γ-干扰素和组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA处理胆囊癌SGC996细胞.Western blot方法检测IDO、STAT1以及干扰素调节转录因子1(IRF-1)的表达.用细胞免疫组化和激光共聚焦显微镜观察STAT1的入核情况,转染和荧光素酶报告基因分析γ激活序列(GAS)和干扰素刺激反应元件(ISRE)的活性.结果 胆囊癌细胞中IFN-γ刺激IDO的表达呈剂量和时间依赖性.SAHA抑制IDO的表达呈剂量依赖性.SAHA抑制STAT1的磷酸化和入核,抑制IFN-γ促进的GAS、ISRE和IRF-1的活性.结论 抑制人胆囊癌细胞中JAK/STAT1信号通路可导致IDO表达下降,表明调控JAK/STAT1信号通路可能会解除胆囊癌生物治疗中肿瘤产生的免疫耐受.     

静脉炎的临床预防现状

静脉输液是临床普遍应用的治疗方式,由此引发的静脉炎比较常见.引起医源性静脉炎的主原因是:经静脉侵入治疗,输液速度,药物浓度,药物等.从预防性护理的措施来阐述.为临床护士对静脉炎的预防和治疗提供参考.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后下尿路症状改善的原因分析

目的分析存在下尿路症状（lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS）的男性患者接受经尿道前列腺电切（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）术后症状改善的原因。方法对2006年3月至2010年2月于北京朝阳区院接受TURP手术后症状改善的65例患者进行回顾性分析。记录术前国际前列腺症状评分（international prostate symptom score,IPSS）和生活质量（quality of life,QOL）评分,尿流率,残余尿及压力一流率检查的各项数据,术后随访并再次记录上述指标。按术前存在膀胱过度活动症（overactive bladder,OAB）及膀胱出口梗阻（bladder outlet obstruction,BOO）与否,分别将患者分为OAB组（n=34）与非OAB亚组（n=31）,及B00（n=48）与非B00亚组（n=17）。结果65例患者TURP术中无明显并发症发生,术后5例患者前尿道狭窄,19例逆向射精,11例急迫性尿失禁加重,分别给予针对性处理后症状缓解。整体患者术前、术后相应数据的配对t检验结果显示：术前IPSS评分22．67±4．92,术后IPSS10．51±5．79;术前刺激评分10．27土3．53,术后刺激评分6．32±3．45;术前梗阻评分12．13±3．92,术后梗阻评分4．19±3．33;术前QOL评分4．57±0．89,术后QOL评分2．27±1．30;术前尿流率（5．78±2．91）mL／s,术后尿流率（12．39±5．17）mL／s,术前残余尿（98．98±16．27）mL和术后残余尿（34．43±18．61）mL的配对t检验结果均有显著性意义（P〈0．01）,进一步分析两个亚组的相应数据具有统计学意义。站论前列腺增生导致下尿路症状的男性患者经尿道前列腺电切手术前后IPSS评分（刺激评分及梗阻评分）,生活质量评分均有显著变化;术前存在B00（伴或不伴OAB）的患者可于TURP术后症状改善、无或可疑BOO的患者也可试行TURP手术,术后症状也有望改善。     

p53、 HER2、 K-ras在多原发肺癌中的表达及临床意义

多原发性肺癌(multiple primary lung cancers,MPLCs)是指某一个体同时或先后发生2个以上的原发性肺癌病灶。分为同时性(synchronous)和异时性(metachronous)两种。现以p53、HER2与K-ras在多原发性肺癌原发灶中表达,探讨其与多原发性肺癌临床病理学特征关系和预后影响。资料和方法收集上海市肺科医院1985年1月至2009年4月接受手术治疗且有完整随访资料的石蜡标本。筛选出多原发性肺癌51例(每例均有2个独立病灶共102个病灶)。     

肾盂鳞状细胞癌临床特点分析

目的 探讨肾盂鳞状细胞癌的诊治特点.方法 回顾性分析1991年10月至2009年5月收治8例肾盂鳞状细胞癌患者资料.临床表现血尿8例,腰痛7例,腹部包块1例.B超检查8例,IVU检查8例,CT检查4例.术前诊断为肿瘤3例,诊断为肾结石5例,结石术中发现肿瘤并经冰冻病理确诊2例.8例患者均经手术治疗,行根治性肾输尿管切除4例、单纯性肾切除3例、姑息性切除术1例.结果 8例病理诊断均为鳞状细胞癌.中分化6例,高分化和低分化各1例;pT1 1例,pT2 1例,pT3 3例,pT4 3例;淋巴结转移2例.获随访7例,失访1例.术后生存时间2～42个月,中位时间6个月,患者均死于肿瘤复发及转移.结论 肾盂鳞状细胞癌恶性程度高,常合并结石,术前诊断困难,确诊时多为中晚期,术后短期内易复发转移,预后极差.

Abstract：

Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis. Methods The clinical data from October 1991 to May 2009 of eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. The symptoms of the patients were hematuria (eight cases), pain (seven cases) and abdominal mass (one case). All patients underwent B-ultrasound and IVU examination and four cases underwent CT scan. Three cases were diagnosed as having a tumor before surgery. Five cases were diagnosed as renal calculus, two of the five cases were diagnosed by intraoperative frozen section. Radical nephroureterectomy were performed in four cases, nephrectomy in three cases and palliative resection in one case. Results Histological classification revealed that six cases were moderately differentiated, one case was well differentiated and one case was poorly differentiated. Two cases had stage pT1/pT2 and six cases had stage pT3/pT4. 2 cases had regional lymph nodes metastasis. Seven cases were followed-up. All patients died of tumor recurrence or metastasis. The median tumor specific survive time was six months (range from two months to 42 months). Conclusions Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis is often occurs concurrently with urolithiasis which could lead to difficulty in diagnose before operation. As the most of the patients were diagnosed with advanced stage disease, squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis tended to early recurrence and metastasis and the prognosis was very poor.     

不同腔内方法治疗膀胱结石的疗效观察

目的：研究Punch碎石钳碎石和U100激光碎石治疗膀胱结石的安全性及有效性,并进一步比较两种碎石方法的有效性差异。方法：回顾性分析82例膀胱结石患者临床资料,其中Punch碎石钳碎石43例,U100激光碎石39例。结果：碎石成功率U100激光组（97．2％）较碎石钳组（62．8％）显著性增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。直径在2．5cm以上结石,U100激光组较碎石钳组碎石效率及成功率均明显增高,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：对直径1．5cm以下结石,Punch碎石钳与U-100激光在碎石效果方面差异无统计学意义。对直径2．5cm以上结石,推荐首选U-100激光。U100激光碎石联合TURP是治疗BPH并膀胱结石的安全、有效的方法。     

髋臼后壁重建后关节软骨修复的实验研究

目的 研究髋臼后壁重建区臼面软骨修复的组织学特点,初步探讨软骨柱播种在其修复中的作用。方法 选取12只家犬共24髋,随机分为3组,均采用后壁截骨法建立髋臼后壁60°弧1/2缺损的动物模型,两侧髋臼后壁缺损区分别选用不同的重建方法：A组：解剖重建+软骨柱播种,B组：解剖重建,C组：普通重建。术后12周取材进行大体形态、光镜观察,参照Pineda标准对新生组织进行评分。结果 A组中以成熟、新生类透明软骨修复缺损,B组为类纤维软骨修复,C组为纤维肉芽组织或板层骨修复。A、B、C组关节软骨修复Pineda总评分平均分别为(5.1±0.1)、(6.5±0.2)、(12.3±0.2)分,差异有统计学意义(F=3.157,P=0.000),3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 解剖重建促使部分软骨柱集中在缺损区,其修复组织具备部分关节软骨的组织特性,能够较好地替代关节软骨。