举足轻重,持续关注肝病营养问题

正肝病营养,尤其是终末期和危重症患者的营养问题,在国际国内受到了越来越多的重视。在营养筛查、评定、营养支持治疗和随访管理等领域均涌现了一些有价值的新理念和新方法。1国际国内共识/指南陆续更新/出台,循证医学证据不断升级近年来,一些国际肝病和营养相关学会陆续发     

还原型谷胱甘肽对毒鼠强中毒大鼠的干预作用

目的:观察还原型谷胱甘肤(GSH)对急性毒鼠强(TET)中毒大鼠的干预作用.方法:将30只大鼠随机分为假手术组、对照组和GSH组,每组10只.通过毒鼠强灌胃染毒大鼠制备动物实验模型,染毒前30min对照组和GSH组分别给予生理盐水及GSH(1000mg/kg)腹腔注射.观察各组大鼠的死亡率,肝、肾功能和组织细胞病理学改变,肝肾细胞凋亡水平.结果:GSH能明显降低急性毒鼠强中毒大鼠的死亡率(P<0.05),改善肝功能(P<0.01),降低肝肾细胞凋亡水平.结论:GSH对急性毒鼠强中毒有治疗作用.     

肺损伤生物标志研究进展

肺损伤生物标志可在不同水平上反映肺细胞乃至呼吸系统对各种刺激产生的应答。肺细胞损伤生物标志有总蛋白、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶;炎症生物标志有肺泡灌洗液中收集的细胞、C反应蛋白、细胞因子、趋化因子;氧化应激生物标志有细胞外超氧化物歧化酶、铁结合蛋白、4-羟壬烯醛、F2-异前列腺素、血红素氧化酶-1;其他相关生物标志有呼出气体中的一氧化氮、不对称和对称二甲基精氨酸、表面活性蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶等。多种生物标志联合应用有助于肺部损伤诊断与治疗。以系统生物学理论为指导,综合运用各组学技术,寻找并验证肺损伤特征性生物标志是后续研究趋势。     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

目的 观察鞘内注射(intrathecal injection,IT)吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A(protein kinaseA,PKA)催化亚单位表达的影响.方法 选择鞘内置管成功的雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为5组,每组16只,分别为假手术组、对照组、吗啡2.5μg组、可乐定5 μg组和吗啡2.5 μg+可乐定5μg组.按Yaksh法鞘内置管,按Brennan法制作大鼠足底切口疼痛模型,用机械缩爪反射阈值(mechanical withdrawal threshold.MWT)和热缩爪潜伏期(thermal withdrawal latency,TWL)观察疼痛行为学变化,应用免疫组织化学法和免疫印迹法测定大鼠脊髓背角PKA催化亚单位表达的变化.结果 与假手术组比较,术后2h对照组大鼠的MWT明显降低,TWL明显缩短(P<0.01),脊髓背角PKA催化亚单位免疫反应阳性神经元数量和神经元胞浆内PKA催化亚单位表达明显增加(P<0.01);与对照组比较,吗啡2.5μg+可乐定5μg组大鼠的MWT明显增加,TWL明显延长(P<0.01),脊髓背角PKA催化亚单位免疫反应阳性神经元数量和神经元胞浆内PKA催化哑单位表达明显减少(P<0.01);而吗啡2.5μg组和可乐定5μg组大鼠的MWT、TWL、脊髓背角PKA催化亚单位免疫反应阳性神经元数量和神经元胞浆内PKA催化亚单位表达与对照组比较均无统计学意义.结论 在大鼠切口痛模型中,IT可乐定能增强吗啡的抗伤害作用,其机制可能与其抑制切口痛引起的脊髓背角PKA催化亚单位的表达增加有关.     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.     

34例食管癌合并糖尿病患者围手术期的治疗体会

回顾性总结了食管癌合并糖尿病围手术期的治疗经验。其要点包括 :术前常规查血糖 ,术后用末梢血糖检测仪监测血糖 ,尿糖试纸监测尿糖 ,应用胰岛素调整血糖 ,给予充足的热量 ,预防酸碱平衡失调及电解质紊乱。采取妥善的处理方法可减少食管癌的术后并发症     

VLAN技术在医院网络建设中的应用

本文简要介绍了虚拟局域网的概念和作用 ,讨论了有关标准和在应用中应注意的问题 ,通过具体实例说明在实际工作中VLAN的配置方法。     

3140例一、二年级大学生B群人格障碍患病率调查

目的:调查我国大学生B群人格障碍患病现状.方法:用PDQ 4问卷从3140名一、二年级大学生中筛选出DSM-IV的B群人格障碍划界分阳性者,再以PDI-Ⅳ定式晤谈法进一步确定大学生群体的患病率.结果:3140名大学生样本中有38例符合B群人格障碍PDI-Ⅳ半定式晤谈的评定标准,总患病率为1.21%,符合反社会型人格障碍评定标准的大学生1例;边缘型21例,患病率0.67%;自恋型20例,患病率0.64%;表演型8例,患病率0.25%.其中10例符合一种以上的诊断标准,共病率为26.3%.结论:B群大学生B群人格障碍患病率低于国外报道的普通人群患病率,但略高于国内以往的调查结果,B群人格障碍各型之间有较高的共病率.     

血浆透析滤过治疗时间对肝衰竭治疗效果的影响

目的探讨血浆透析滤过(PDF)治疗时间的长短对肝衰竭患者肝功能的影响以及对治疗后肝功能反弹的影响。方法选择2015年1月-2016年12月首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院收治的肝衰竭患者101例,按照治疗时间分为2组,治疗4 h组77例,治疗6 h组24例,均在内科治疗的基础上行人工肝治疗。观察2组治疗前后ALT、AST、TBil、DBil下降幅度及治疗后24 h、治疗后72 h的ALT、AST、TBil、DBil反弹幅度。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果 2组患者治疗过程中血流动力学稳定,无不良事件发生,部分患者诉平卧时间长,感觉乏力,4 h组5例不耐受,不耐受率6.5%,6 h组10例,不耐受率41.7%,显著高于4 h组(χ2=17.90,P0.01)。PDF治疗后,2组ALT、AST、TBil、DBil下降幅度差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为2.53、-4.48、-1.52、-0.47,P值均0.05)。2组治疗后24 h ALT、AST、TBil、DBil反弹幅度差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.236、-1.251、-1.251、0.943,P值均0.05)。2组治疗后72 h ALT、AST、TBil、DBil反弹幅度差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.7000、0.596、-1.530、1.837,P值均0.05)。结论 PDF治疗不同时间效果相似,安全性相仿,因此常规可采用4 h治疗时间以增加患者耐受性。     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.