1977～1993年我国性病流行病学分析

本文分析了我国性病再次流行以来的疫情资料。从１９７７年首发病例报告以来，至１９９３年底，全国共报告性病１０８１５３９例，年平均报告发病率为５．６１／１０万，男女性病患者之比为１．７１:１。性病发病率在逐年上升，年均增长速度为８３．１５％。优势病种为淋病，占７２．５１％，其次为尖锐湿疣和ＮＧＵ，分别占１９．７２％和５．８５％，其他几种经典性病发病率很低。性病患者多为性活跃人群。２０～３９岁的患者占总病例的８４．１９％，２０～２９岁组的发病率最高，１５．７３／１０万。沿海地区的发病率一直较高，内陆地区的发病率上升幅度高于沿海地区。     

肝脏假性淋巴瘤1例报道及文献复习

患者,女．50岁。因体检发现肝脏占位半月入院。患者B超提示肝州声增多增粗,左叶低回声团块．大小21×16mm,边界清．形态规则,内可见点状血流信号。肝内见多发无回声区,最大10×12mm,边界清,形态规则。诊断：肝多发囊肿,肝左叶低回声团块。上腹部CT：平扫见左外叶低密度占位,约2．0×1．5cm。增强扫描强化不明鼎。     

活体肝移植治疗儿童胆道闭锁44例

目的 观察活体肝移植治疗儿童胆道闭锁的效果,总结其临床经验.方法 2006年10月至2010年12月间共有44例胆道闭锁患儿接受了活体肝移植,其中男性26例,女性18例,年龄(12.1±9.0)个月,中位数为9个月(6～60个月);44名供者全部为患者直系亲属,年龄(32.7±8.0)岁,中位数为31岁(20～54岁).供、受者ABO血型相容,供肝均为供者肝脏的左外叶.对供、受者术前评估过程、手术方法、术后管理以及预后等临床资料进行总结.结果 术后对全部供者进行系统随访,随访时间(17.5±13.3)个月,无供者发生严重并发症和死亡,所有供者均恢复健康.44例受者中,死亡9例,死因分别为门静脉栓塞3例、肝动脉栓塞1例、胆道并发症2例、切口感染1例、腹腔出血1例及肺部感染1例,其余35例健康存活.术后1年和2年累积存活率分别为81.2%和76.1%,无一例受者接受再次肝移植.术后主要并发症有门静脉血栓、肝动脉血栓、胆汁漏及逆行性胆管炎、肺部感染、切口感染及急性排斥反应等.结论 活体肝移植是治疗儿童胆道闭锁的有效方法,预后良好.完善缜密的术前评估,熟练精细的手术操作以及精心的术后管理是改善受者预后的关键因素.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for children with biliary atresia (BA) and to summarize the clinical experiences. Methods Forty-four BA patients (26 boys and 18 girls) underwent LDLT between October 2006 and December 2010. Mean (SD) and median (range) age at operation was (12.1 ± 9.0) months and 9 (6-60) months,respectively. The 44 donors were lineal relatives to the consorted recipients. Their mean (SD) and median (range) age at operation was (32. 7 ± 8. 0) months and 31 (20～54) years, respectively. All donor graft types were the left lateral segments with compatible ABO blood groups. Clinical data,including pre-operative evaluations, surgical technique, postoperative management and outcomes in all donors and recipients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All donors were followed up for (17. 5 ± 13. 3) months. No donor mortality was encountered, with a minimal morbidity and no long-term sequelae. Nine out of 44 recipients died. Three patients died of portal vein thrombosis (PVT), one of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), two of biliary complications, one of surgical site infections, one of abdominal bleeding and one of pulmonary infection. The overall 1-year and 2-year cumulative survival rate in recipients was 81. 2% and 76. 1 %, respectively. No re-transplantation was done. Postoperative complications included PVT, HAT, biliary leakage and refluxing cholangitis, pulmonary infections,surgical site infections and acute rejection. Conclusion LDLT has been the effective treatment for pediatric recipients with BA and provides favorable prognosis. To improve prognosis of recipients, the key points are pre-operative evaluations, surgical technique, and postoperative management     

他克莫司胶囊和缓释胶囊预防肝移植急性排斥反应的效果和安全性

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus exposure in stable liver transplant recipients converted from FK506 twice a day to Advagraf (tacrolimus extended-release capsules) once daily. Methods This was an open-label, random, control and multi-center study.Eligible patients were 19 to 70 years of age, 6 months post-transplant with stable renal and hepatic function and receiving stable doses of tacrolimus twice a day for 2 weeks prior to enrollment. There were 86 patients in the experimental group and the control group, separately. The average age of experimental group and control group was 46 ± 10 and 49 ± 9, respectively. Patients in experimental group received Advagraf, once daily, and the dose was adjusted according to the drug concentration,and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. The control group given tacrolimus, twice daily, and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. Results The incidence of acute rejection reaction was 1.20 % and 1.18 % respectively in experimental group and control group, and the 95 %confidence interval was -3.25% ～3.31 % and -3.26% ～ 3.34 %, individually. There was 1 case of acute rejection reaction in experimental group and control group, respectively. The patient and organ survival rate was 100%. Sixteen adverse events occurred in 15 patients (17.65 %) of the experimental group, and 10 adverse events occurred in 10 patients (11.63 %) of control group. Severe adverse events relating to the test drug in experimental group occurred in 4 patients (4. 71 %). and 2 patients (2. 33) in control group.Conclision Clinical trials indicated that Advagraf has efficacy and safety profiles similar to those of tacrolimus. The drug is safe and may improve patient compliance.     

慢加急性肝衰竭的研究进展

慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)是在慢性肝脏疾病的基础上发生肝脏急性衰竭和失代偿的临床病症。ACLF的短期病死率较高,主要死因为感染和器官衰竭。引起ACLF的常见急性事件包括细菌或病毒感染、酒精性肝炎以及手术,也有近40%的患者无明显诱因。系统性炎性反应和易感染是ACLF的典型病理生理学特点。ACLF治疗的关键在于识别和处理引起ACLF的急性事件,同时给患者提供多器官支持治疗以应对伴肝病的危重患者复杂的生理指标紊乱。慢性肝功能衰竭联盟(CLIF-C)评分已经用于对ACLF患者的分类和预后评估。肝移植是目前最有可能治愈患者的治疗选择,但是受者的识别、供肝的来源、移植的紧迫性和资源的高效利用都是肝移植广泛应用的壁垒。该文就ACLF的定义、损伤诱因、非手术治疗和肝移植研究进展作一综述。     

重症急性胰腺炎的早期肠内营养支持

目的:通过对15例重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病人进行早期肠内营养支持,探讨SAP时早期肠内营养的可行性、安全性及有效性.方法:对我院普通外科2002年4月至2003年6月间15例SAP病人在入院3～5天时放置空肠螺旋管,在到达空肠后,进行肠内营养支持.观察病人的一般情况、营养状况、免疫功能及并发症的发生率等.结果:11例病人在置管2～3天后到达空肠,3例置管第4天时在X线透视辅助下置入空肠,1例在置管第4天时在内镜辅助下进入空肠.所有病人对早期肠内营养耐受良好,无胰腺炎复发,而且肠内营养开始后1～2周营养状况及免疫功能与营养支持前比较明显好转,无胰腺坏死组织继发感染的发生.结论:对SAP进行早期肠内营养支持是可行、安全和有效的,能改善SAP病人的营养状况及免疫功能.     

不同剂量甘露醇对脑卒中肾功能的影响

大样本观察分析不同剂量甘露醇对脑卒中肾功能的影响,探讨甘露醇治疗脑卒中病人的最佳剂量。 1.资料与方法:参照1995年全国第四届脑血管会议通过脑血管疾病分类诊断要点选择脑卒中患者3431例,男2235例,女1196例。年龄26～81岁,平均48.2±2.3岁。其中急性脑梗死(ACI)2208例     

MGIT 960和比例法对结核分枝杆菌药物敏感性试验的对比研究

目的评价BACTEC MGIT960检测8种抗结核药物耐药性的效果。方法用MGIT960对结核杆分枝杆菌临床分离菌株进行抗结核药物异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、乙胺丁醇、卷曲霉素、卡那霉素、氧氟沙星和乙硫异烟胺的药敏检测,并将结果与L-J比例法结果进行比较分析。结果用MGIT960法与L-J比例法对118株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、乙胺丁醇、卷曲霉素、卡那霉素、氧氟沙星、乙硫异烟胺的耐药性检测,两种方法的符合率分别为97.5%(115/118)、92.4%(109/118)、96.6%(114/118)、84.7%(100/118)、94.9%(112/118)、94.1%(111/118)、97.5%(115/118)、85.6%(101/118)。MGIT960完成一线/二线药物药敏试验的时间平均为8.9和8.3天,L-J法则分别为26.7天和26.1天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 MGIT960所得的药敏结果与传统比例法有较高的一致性,但检测时间较短,有利于耐药结核病人的早期诊断和治疗。     

线粒体三磷酸腺苷敏感钾通道介导脑保护作用的机制

目的 :线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道 (mitoKATP)是存在于许多组织细胞线粒体内膜上的一种可调节线粒体代谢活动的钾离子通道。研究表明 ,mitoKATP在脑细胞的保护中具有重要作用 ,mitoKATP活动的调控是研究缺血脑保护的重要环节。氧自由基作为线粒体活动的一种重要中间产物 ,参与包括心肌细胞在内的组织细胞的mitoKATP活动的调节 ,但是其是否参与脑细胞mi toKATP开放对缺血脑的保护作用尚无报道。方法 :大鼠海马脑片为实验模型 ,以无糖 -无氧人工脑脊液灌流作为模拟缺血处理 ,细胞外记录海马CA1区的群体锋电位 (PS)和缺血去极化电位 (I…