原发性节段性大网膜梗死1例报告并文献复习

病人男性,26岁.因"右下腹痛1d"于2008-03-10入院.病人于入院1d前无明显诱因出现右下腹部隐痛,不放射.伴腹胀及排气,排便减少.无恶心、呕吐及腹泻症状.T 37.5℃.否认外伤及腹部手术史.查体:体型肥胖(体重指数BMI=38)腹部膨隆,右侧腹及右下腹压痛(+)、反跳痛(+),伴中度肌紧张.肠鸣音弱,1次/min.血常规:WBC 12.4×109/L,Neut 72.5%.血生化:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)58U/L,总胆红素(1FBIL)22.2μmol/L,直接胆红素(DBIL)9.3μmol/L,肌酐(CR)90μol/L,脂肪酶(LIP)194U/L.腹部B超:脂肪肝,余未见异常.立位腹平片:多发小肠扩张伴气液平面,考虑不全肠梗阻.胸片:右下肺见小斑片致密影,疑右下肺感染.     

经肛门内镜微创手术在治疗局限性直肠肿瘤中的应用

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for localized rectal neoplasms. Methods Seventy-five patients with localized rectal neoplasms were treated by using TEM between April 2006 and December 2008. The clinical data was summarized and analyzed retrospectively to report the therapeutic effect of TEM in these cases. Results The mean diameter of the rectal lesions was (1.6 ± 0.8) cm (range, 0.5-5.0 cm). The average distance of lesions from the anal verge was (7.6 ± 2.8) cm (range, 5-20 cm). Locations of the lesions at the rectal wall : 25 located at the anterior wall, 24 at the posterior wall, 14 at the left wall and 12 at the right walL Surgical procedures included the transmural excision (64 cases) and the submucosal excision with partial muscular layer excision (11 cases) was performed. The average operating time was (73.7±32.1) win (range, 30-180 min). The mean operative blood loss was (9. 8 ± 7.7) ml (range, 3-50 ml). The postoperative pathological examination identified 28 cases of rectal adenoma, 25 rectal adenocarcinoma or carcinomatous changes of adenoma (14 cases with phase Tis tumor, 5 cases T1 and 6 cases T2), 7 rectal carcinoid and 15 cases of inflammatory polyps or others. Surgical margins of all specimens were negative. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 cases (5.3%), included 2 cases of anal hemorrhage, 1 case of pulmonary infection and 1 urinary infection. The average postoperative hospital stay was (3.4 ± 1.2) d (range, 2-7 d). All the patients were followed-up for a mean period of 8.4 months (range, 3-26 months), no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusion Being a kind of minimally invasive surgery, TEM shows advantages of decreased blood loss, better therapeutic effect and faster recovery, and it is a better choice of procedure for local excision for rectal neoplasms.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的长期疗效及临床意义

腹腔镜技术用于结直肠癌的治疗已有十余年历史,方法的安全性与可行性已被明确证实.在结直肠癌根治性切除中,腹腔镜能否达到与开腹术相同的肿瘤学结局,曾存在争议.本文对近期世界范围内一些主要的大型随机对照研究进行了系统回顾,结果显示,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术在肿瘤切除的可靠性、切口复发及长期疗效等方面,均可获得至少与开腹术等同的肿瘤学结局.从而表明,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术是具有与开腹术至少相当的肿瘤学疗效,同时又有微创手术诸多优点的一种安全、可靠的手术方式.     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗后局部切除预后与并发症的研究

目的:探讨直肠癌新辅助放化疗后局部切除患者的预后与术后并发症的发生情况。方法:采用描述性病例系列研究方法。病例纳入标准：（1）接受新辅助放化疗后采用经肛门内镜显微手术（TEM）局部切除;（2）新辅助放化疗后肿瘤退缩明显[MR检查肿瘤退缩分级（mrTRG）为1、2级];（3）美国麻醉医师协会分级为Ⅰ~Ⅲ级。排除标准：（1...     

直肠神经内分泌肿瘤130例临床分析

  目的  分析影响直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine neoplasia, NEN)预后的临床因素。  方法  回顾性收集2012年5月至2019年9月北京协和医院门诊结直肠NEN前瞻性数据库中确诊为直肠NEN并在基本外科行手术治疗的患者资料, 包括一般资料、手术方式、病理诊断结果及随访信息。采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析, 比较患者临床因素与预后的关系。  结果  共130例符合纳入和排除标准的患者入选本研究, 其中男性71例(54.6%), 女性59例(45.4%)。102例术后病理有明确世界卫生组织分级, G1、G2、G3级患者分别为82例、18例、2例。122例行局部切除手术, 9例行根治性手术(其中1例先行局部切除手术后行根治性手术)。7例患者存在淋巴结转移, 均为接受根治性手术患者。116例患者完成随访, 其中4例出现复发或转移, 2例死于NEN转移。Kaplan-Meier分析显示, 接受根治性手术较局部切除手术、出现淋巴结转移较未出现淋巴结转移、病灶≥ 2 cm较病灶1~ < 2 cm或 < 1 cm患者的无复发生存率更低(P均 < 0.05)。  结论  病灶≥ 2 cm、淋巴结转移是直肠NEN患者预后不良的危险因素, 此类患者应除外远处转移后行根治性手术, 术后密切随访。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗后根治术行保护性横结肠造口与回肠造口对吻合口漏预防的相关研究

目的:探讨直肠癌新辅助放化疗后根治性手术行保护性横结肠造口与回肠造口对于患者吻合口漏的影响。方法:本研究采用回顾性队列研究方法。病例纳入标准：（1）术前完成标准新辅助治疗;（2）手术方式为腹腔镜下根治性直肠癌手术;（3）术中经取出标本的辅助切口行保护性肠造口术,分为横结肠造口和回肠造口;（4）术后接受定期随访;（5）临...     

腹腔镜根治性左半结肠切除术后并发症及其危险因素分析

目的 以Clavien-Dindo分级系统为标准,探讨腹腔镜根治性左半结肠切除术后并发症的发生情况,并分析其危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年7月北京协和医院行腹腔镜根治性左半结肠切除术81例病人的临床资料,对Clavien-DindoⅠ级及以上病人进行单因素及多因素分析,对于严重并发症、腹腔感染、吻...