Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

溃疡性结肠炎86例临床分析

溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种原因不明、主要侵犯结肠及直肠黏膜和黏膜下层的慢性非特异性炎症性疾病，目前对该病尚缺乏特异性诊断指标。本院2000年6月-2006年5月共收治UC患者86例，现回顾性分析如下。     

Ⅱ+Ⅲ期直肠癌术后放疗应用有孔泡沫板对小肠照射剂量的影响

目的比较Ⅱ＋Ⅲ期直肠癌术后放疗应用有孔泡沫板对小肠剂量的影响。方法Ⅱ＋Ⅲ期直肠癌术后患者9例,每位患者俯卧位垫和不垫有孔泡沫板两种体位下,分别进行两次CT模拟定位,分别勾画治疗靶区和正常器官。XioCMS计划系统对9例患者的两种体位进行3个野三维适形计划的设计,比较垫和不垫有孔泡沫板计划中小肠的最高剂量、平均剂量,以及把5 Gy为1间隔,在5～55 Gy比较小肠受照体积（V5～V（55））。结果使用有孔泡沫板时,小肠受照平均剂量显著低于未用时（1749．4、2124．8 cGy,P=0．023）;小肠在高剂量区内（＞20～50 Gy）受照体积减少不明显（V50分别为51．4、57．7 cm^3,P=0．319）;但在低剂量区受照体积显著增加（V5分别为376．3、230．1 cm^3,P=0．001）。使用有孔泡沫板可显著降低膀胱受照平均剂量（3557．0、4036．1 cGy,P=0．001）,且在V15～V50各个剂量水平下膀胱受照体积均显著低于未用有孔泡沫板时。结论Ⅱ＋Ⅲ期直肠癌术后放疗,应用有孔泡沫板能减少小肠和膀胱受照平均剂量,但同时增加了小肠低剂量内的体积。     

非小细胞肺癌中增殖细胞核抗原的表达及其意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）中增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达及与一些临床指标的相关性。方法利用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法回顾性分析１９６４年１月～１９９４年１２月间中国医学科学院肿瘤医院开胸探查术后或纤维支气管镜活检术后单纯放射治疗的９５例非小细胞肺癌的ＰＣＮＡ表达情况。结果全部病例均有ＰＣＮＡ表达,ＰＣＮＡ指数（ＰＩ）值平均为０．５２３,统计分析ＰＩ值与ＮＳＣＬＣ原发灶所在部位、分型、分化、分期、放射敏感性及预后均无相关性,（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但在分期分析中,有随分期愈晚,ＰＩ值逐渐增加的趋势。结论ＰＣＮＡ表达与非小细胞肺癌原发部位、分型、放射敏感性及预后无明显相关性;与分期、分化的相关性有待继续探讨。     

郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增多症临床特点和诊治进展

目的　结合目前郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增多症(LCH)研究进展,探讨LCH的临床特点、诊断、治疗、复发以及预后。方法　回顾性分析2 4年收治的LCH 5 5例,年龄2～6 7岁,男4 7例,女8例。单器官系统受侵4 0例,多器官系统受侵15例。治疗以手术切除和放疗为主,手术为部分或全部切除病灶,放疗为受累野照射(中位剂量30Gy)。结果　LCH以头颈部软组织受侵多见(占6 3.6 % ) ,骨次之(占2 3.6 % )。骨受侵率在≤15岁组和>15岁组分别为6 6 .7%和11.6 % (P <0 .0 1)。5、10年总生存率均为10 0 % ,无病生存率分别为70 .9%、5 8.4 %。5年无病生存率在≤15岁组和>15岁组分别为5 8.3%和74 .4 % (P =0 .830 ) ,单器官系统受侵组和多器官系统受侵组分别为75 .0 %和6 0 .0 % (P=0 .130 )。总复发率为4 3.6 % ,2 / 3在5年内复发,其中新病灶占75 %。结论　LCH并非儿童特发;头颈部为LCH好发部位;其骨受侵率与年龄相关;复发率较高;但无危险器官受侵的预后良好     

AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D联合检测在肝细胞癌中的诊断价值

目的 探讨甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)、异常凝血酶原(prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-Ⅱ,PIVKA-Ⅱ)和D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)联合检测对肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的诊断价值.方法 本研究为回顾性病例对照研究.比较本院2018-01/2021-01月83例HCC患者、91例肝硬化患者及同期检测的105例健康体检者的AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D的检测水平.采用Spearman相关分析方法探讨AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D的关系,通过ROC曲线评估3种标志物单项检测和联合检测对HCC患者的诊断效果.结果 Spearman相关分析显示,HCC患者中AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D三者之不存在显著相关性(P＞0.05),是3个独立的指标.与健康对照组和肝硬化组相比,HCC组患者AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D的水平显著升高(P＜0.01);受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)显示,AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D的cutoff值分别为9.61 ng/ml、52.50 mAu/ml和255.50 ng/ml,其中PIVKA-Ⅱ在单项检测中的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最大,AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D三者联合检测的AUC值为0.962(95％ CI:0.937～0.988)(P＜0.01),大于任意两项联合检测或单项检测,其敏感度、特异度、约登指数、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为85.5％、95.6％、81.1％、85.3％和97.5％.结论 AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和D-D三者联合检测对HCC患者具有重要的临床诊断价值.     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

横纹肌肉瘤102例预后分析

１９６０年－１９９０年，共收治横纹肌肉瘤患者１０２例，９５例获得随访，３，５年生存率为６６％，２６％。结果显示：头颈部位的３年生存率显著高于原发四肢的病变。泌尿系部位的３年生存率显著高于原发于躯干及四肢的病变。     

77例胃的黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的 回顾分析原发于胃的黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(MALT)的治疗结果、预后因素和失败类型.方法 搜集20余年间收治的原发胃MALT淋巴瘤病例,病理证实且为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅡE期.77例患者进入分析,手术切除组60例(手术14例、手术+化疗32例、手术+化放疗4例、手术+放疗9例、化疗+手术+化疗1例),非手术切除组17例(化放疗11例、化疗5例、放疗1例).放疗采用常规放疗(20例)和三维适形放疗(5例).化疗采用CHOP、BACOP或COP方案(53例).结果 随访1～198个月,中位值57个月.全组患者5年总生存率为74%,5年无瘤生存率为70%,5年局部控制率为76%,5年无远处失败生存率为87%.单因素分析显示临床分期与总生存率显著相关(P=0.02),肿瘤大小(P=0.03)和手术程度(P=0.02)与无瘤生存率显著相关,临床分期(P=0.04)、肿瘤大小(P=0.01)和手术程度(P=0.03)与局部控制率显著相关,未发现与无远处失败生存率显著相关因素.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者手术治疗后失败主要在远处,非手术治疗患者的失败主要在局部.ⅡE期患者,无论手术组还是非手术组,失败主要在局部.结论 胃原发黏膜组织相关淋巴瘤采用手术和非手术治疗均可取得很好的治疗效果,临床分期是非常重要的预后因素.