失眠的评估

失眠是困扰许多人的最常见的睡眠问题。失眠引起白天困倦、疲劳、情绪烦恼、工作效率下降，甚至可造成致命性的结果。虽然失眠发病率很高，但大多数失眠者并未被临床医生所识别。对失眠恰当的评估对患者非常重要。本文将回顾近年来对失眠评定方面的研究，内容包括睡眠史、自评方法、心理评估，心理生理评估、医学评估、多导睡眠图及其它睡眠评估方法。     

消化道平滑肌肿瘤超微结构观察

对20例消化道平滑肌肿瘤的电镜观察,发现并非所有病例均具有平滑肌细胞超微结构特征。7例见有肌微丝及相应的致密体,5例见有胞膜下增厚的致密斑,4例见有胞膜下吞饮小泡及膜外间断基底膜。上述改变出现于4例平滑肌瘤中的3例,10例高分化平滑肌肉瘤中的4例,6例分化较差平滑肌肉瘤及1例上皮样平滑肌瘤未发现。其他如内质网的扩张、线粒体的变形及糖元核醣体的广泛分布等改变亦可见到。     

β-血小板球蛋白对小牛主动脉内皮细胞的LDL受体活性的抑制作用的初步研究

本文首次报告了β-血小板球蛋白(β-TG)能明显抑制小牛主动脉内皮细胞的LDL受体活性,但不影响该受体的生成。初步分析提示β-TG的这种抑制作用可能不完全是由于β-TG和~(125)I-LDL之间存在的竞争性抑制作用所致。此外,对于β-TG的这种抑制作用在动脉粥样硬化形成中的意义进行了讨论。     

脑血管病人主要照顾者心身障碍调查及其影响因素分析

作者通过对病后三个月１０８例脑血管病病人及其主要照顾者心身健康状况调查发现：由于照顾病人，２８名（２５．９％）照顾者认为健康受到影响，２７人（２５．０％）合并抑郁障碍，１５人（１３．９％）合并焦虑障碍，并且出现各种应激症状，如睡眠被打扰，担心病人出意外等。多因素相关分析提示照顾合并心理障碍的病人及所受社会支持不良者更易出现抑郁、焦虑障碍，应激水平也较高，结果提示为提高医疗服务质量，干预的对象应扩展到照顾者，甚至到整个家庭     

白内障晶状体上皮细胞及晶状体纤维超微结构的观察

应用胎儿晶状体发育的超微结构为形态学依据,观察老年性、外伤性、先天性白内障晶状体的超微结构.结果:老年性白内障晶状体上皮多数细胞膜破裂,作者首先发现其原因是相邻细胞顶部的紧密连结缺失,房水侵入所致.胞质中线粒体空泡化,内质网扩张、脱粒.晶状体纤维膨胀、崩溃.细胞之间的各种连结消失.外伤性白内障除具有白内障特点外,胞质中出现大量溶酶体、残体.1例先天性白内障,上皮细胞发育尚好,晶体纤维不发育.     

Urinary leukotriene E(4), eosinophil protein X, and nasal eosinophil cationic protein are not associated with respiratory symptoms in 1-year-old children

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic airways inflammation forms the pathophysiologic basis for a proportion of children at risk of developing recurrent wheezing. Early preventive measures and/or anti-inflammatory treatment may be guided by the identification of such children. We aimed to study the relationship between respiratory symptoms and indirect markers of airway inflammation. METHODS: We measured eosinophil protein X (EPX) and leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)) in urine, as well as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasal lavages, in a random sample of 1-year-old children with a family history of atopy who participated in an international multicenter study on the prevention of allergy in Europe. For urine analyses, 10 children with upper respiratory illness and 19 healthy children without a family history of atopy were also enrolled. Endogenous urinary LTE(4) was separated by HPLC and determined by enzyme immunoassay with a specific antibody. The concentrations of nasal ECP and urinary EPX were determined by RIA analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and ten children (mean age: 1.05+/-0.1 years) were enrolled. Prolonged coughing during the first year of life was reported in 29 children, wheezy breathing in 17 children, and dry skin in 33 children. A doctor's diagnosis of wheezy bronchitis was given to 17 children. Sensitization to dust mites (specific IgE > or =1.43 ML/units) was detected in two children. Children with a doctor's diagnosis of atopic dermatitis within the first 12 months of life (n=6) had significantly higher urinary EPX than children without this (66.7 vs 30.1 microg/mmol creatinine, P=0.01). Urinary excretion of EPX and LTE4 showed a weak correlation (r=0.22, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in urinary excretion of EPX and LTE(4) or nasal ECP between children with and without respiratory symptoms (P>0.1). CONCLUSIONS: At the age of 1 year, urinary EPX is increased in children with atopic dermatitis. With regard to respiratory symptoms, urinary and nasal inflammatory parameters are not helpful in characterizing the phenotype of a single patient.     

外源性IL-4基因表达对K562细胞增殖及死亡的影响

目的：观察外源性ＩＬ－４对Ｋ５６２增殖及死亡的影响。方法：用逆转录病毒载体将ＩＬ－４ｃＤＮＡ导入Ｋ５６２细胞,检测其增殖反应,用流式细胞依及ＤＮＡ片段凝胶电泳检测细胞增殖周期及凋亡情况,用台盼蓝排除法计数死亡细胞。结果：高表达ＩＬ－４的Ｋ５６２细胞增殖反应明显低于表达株。亲代Ｋ５６２株;前者２过程中死亡细胞百分率明显升高且可被ＩＬ－４单克隆抗体阻断,但其自发凋亡细胞数及增殖周期均无改变。结论Ｌ：外     

汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感研究

目的:提出文化疏离感的操作性定义和初步的理论构想,为我国少数民族的文化认同和文化适应,以及少数民族青少年的教育培养提供比较重要的参考资料,为疏离感理论的丰富起到一定积极作用.方法:自编<汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感量表>,进行信效度考察以后对678名汉区少数民族学生进行调查.结果:1.文化疏离感及其四个子维度在地区主效应上均表现出显著差异,在年龄主效应上差异不显著;文化分离感和不和谐感在性别主效应上差异显著.2.文化疏离感及其两个子维度(文化孤立感和文化分离感)在年龄和地区,以及在年龄、地区和性别的交互作用上均表现出显著差异.3.影响文化疏离感及其文化孤立感、文化分离感、被控感三个维度的主要变量是学生小学前后居住地区的改变,而影响不和谐感的主要变量是性别.结论:小学前后居住地的改变会影响少数民族学生文化疏离感.     

中药赤芍对球囊损伤术后血管重构的干预研究

目的 观察中药赤芍防止球囊损伤术后血管重构作用。方法 新西兰白兔随机分为对照组、单纯高脂组、赤芍高剂量组、低剂量组。高脂喂养6周建立动脉粥样硬化模型,行颈动脉球囊损伤术,8周时取材作病理形态学检查。结果(1)与高脂组比较,赤芍高、低剂量组增生内膜面积、中层面积,内膜、中膜、外膜PCNA阳性着色均显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)各组内皮增生成分主要为平滑肌细胞;巨噬细胞阳性着色主要分布在外膜,与高脂组比较,赤芍高、低剂量组阳性着色较少。(3)高脂组动脉损伤侧外膜Ⅰ型胶原增多,赤芍组Ⅰ型胶原增加较少。结论 赤芍对高脂喂养兔颈动脉球囊损伤术后血管重构有显著防止作用。