嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌脂多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞的影响

目的 提取、鉴定嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌（Akkermansia muciniphila,AKK）的脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）,初步探讨AKK的LPS对小鼠巨噬细胞的影响。方法 试剂盒法提取AKK的LPS并纯化,ELISA法定量;BCA法、紫外分光光度法、SDS-PAGE和银染鉴定提取的LPS的纯度和结构;鲎试剂法检测LPS活性。体外培养小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,分为正常对照组、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,E.coli）LPS组和AKK LPS组。经LPS作用后,CCK-8法检测细胞活性;RT-qPCR测定NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA表达水平。结果 纯化的细菌LPS平均产率为7.14%,蛋白、核酸含量分别为0.005 6‰和2.12%;银染结果显示AKK的LPS条带分布与E.coli的LPS不同;鲎试剂测定其活性为7.10×107EU/ml;部分干预浓度下,AKK LPS干预组细胞存活率低于E.coli LPS组;刺激6 h、12 h、24 h后,与正常对照组相比,AKK LPS干预组细胞内NF-κB的mRNA表达水平在...     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

维生素D干预四氧嘧啶诱导兔糖尿病骨髓脂肪含量的定量MRI分析研究

目的探索定量非对称回波的最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离序列(iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)定量评估维生素D干预兔...     

己酮可可碱联合骨髓间充质干细胞对高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞炎症因子及NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的 探讨己酮可可碱（pentoxifylline,PTX）联合骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）对高糖作用下肾小球系膜细胞炎症因子及NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法 体外高糖培养小鼠肾小球系膜细胞,分为6组：对照组、糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）组、MSCs组、MSCs+PTX 0.1 mmol·L^-1组、MSCs+PTX 0.3 mmol·L^-1组和MSCs+PTX 1 mmol·L^-1组。采用ELISA检测各组系膜细胞IL-6和TNF-α含量,采用Western blotting检测各组系膜细胞中NF-κB p65,IKKα及IKKβ蛋白的表达。结果 与对照组相比,DN组系膜细胞的IL-6和TNF-α含量显著增高（P<0.05）,NF-κB p65、IKKα及IKKβ蛋白相对表达量显著升高（P<0.05）。与DN组相比,MSCs组及MSCs组联合不同浓度PTX干预组的系膜细胞分泌的IL-6及TNF-α含量出现明显降低（P<0.05）,NF-κB p65、IKKα及IKKβ蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。与MSCs组比较,MSCs+PTX 0.1 mmol·L^-1组、MSCs+PTX 0.3 mmol·L^-1组及MSCs+PTX 1 mmol·L^-1组的IL-6和TNF-α含量显著下降（P<0.05）,NF-κB p65、IKKα和IKKβ的蛋白相对表达量明显降低（P<0.05）,且呈现PTX浓度依赖性。结论 PTX联合MSCs通过抑制高糖诱导下肾小球系膜细胞中NF-κB信号通路的表达及炎症因子水平对DN具有一定的治疗作用。     

原代培养的心肌细胞中毒性心肌炎模型的建立

目的 为阿霉素(ADR)中毒性心肌炎机制的研究及药物治疗提供依据.方法 取0～2日龄sD乳鼠原代心肌细胞培养,观察ADR不同浓度(0.01、0.1、1、10、100μg/ml)及不同作用时间(1μg/ml ADR作用24,48,72h)对心肌细胞存活率及培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)水平的影响,并检测细胞搏动频率.结果 不同浓度ADR均可降低细胞存活率,但10 ng/ml作用后存活率明显降低,呈浓度依赖性.不同浓度ADR均可升高LDH和GOT释放量,亦呈浓度依赖性;随ADR作用时间延长,心肌细胞存活率降低,LDH和COT升高,呈时间依赖性.结论 ADR对原代培养的心肌细胞可造成氧化损伤,损伤程度与ADR浓度及作用时间呈正比.     

基于蒙卡算法的乳腺癌术中放疗模型的剂量学优化

目的：探讨蒙特卡罗算法在乳腺癌术中放疗（IORT）模型剂量学优化中的应用价值。方法采用MCTP的MCBEAM程序建立乳腺癌术中放疗模型，利用MCSIM程序对患者术前CT模拟术中影像模型进行剂量计算，分析其剂量学特点，并对靶区剂量进行优化。结果通过蒙卡计算，优化的乳腺癌术中放疗模型方案为：靶区表面添加2-3 mm等效材料，靶区后缘添加5 mm等效材料再加2 mm铅板，这可以使90%以上等剂量线包绕整个靶区，同时可以消除＞110%的热点区域，肺最大剂量＜1 Gy。结论蒙特卡罗算法在乳腺癌IORT模型剂量学优化中的应用能显著提高IORT靶区剂量的计算精度，优化剂量分布，值得临床推广。     

单纯性细支气管肺泡癌的CT诊断

 目的　探讨单纯性细支气管肺泡癌的高分辨CT（HRCT）特点。方法　收集经病理证实的单纯性细支气管肺泡癌患者21例（22处病变），对照术后病理进行回顾性分析。结果　术后病理结果非黏液产生型单纯性细支气管肺泡癌20例，21处病变，黏液产生型单纯性细支气管肺泡癌1例。野口分类：A型3例，B型12例，C型5例，黏液型未作分类。病期分类：21例均为ⅠA期，肿瘤最大径0.3～3.0 cm（平均1.3 cm）。全病例均无胸膜和脉管浸润，无淋巴结转移。HRCT所见：根据磨玻璃密度影（GGO）的含量多少，将病变分为4种类型，病变全部呈GGO为A型（5例）；GGO中心少量线状影为B型（7例）；GGO中心及周边线状影散在为C型（7例）；结节形成型为D型（3例）。伴有胸膜牵引11例。肿瘤境界清晰，边缘光整的病例5例，余17处病变边缘不规则，境界不清。阴影中心部伴有血管、支气管阴影者21例。结论　HRCT能够反映细支气管肺泡癌的病理组织学的结构特征，对于病理侵袭度的预测及预后评估起着重要的作用。     

高敏C反应蛋白和原发性高血压并发房颤患者的关系研究

目的研究高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在高血压阵发性心房颤动(AF)患者中应用的意义。方法选取2012年4月至2014年4月该院的高血压阵发性AF患者80例作为AF组,选取高血压无阵发性AF患者80例作为对照组。收集两组患者血浆hs-CRP、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左房内径(LA)、左室质量指数(LVMI),以及患者年龄、性别、高血压、瓣膜病、冠心病和孤立性房颤等一般数据,并进行统计学分析。对阵发性AF影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果两组患者年龄、性别、高血压、瓣膜病、冠心病和孤立性房颤、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度数据比较,差异无有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者全血低切黏度、LA、LVEF、LVMI数据比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,原发性高血压患者年龄越大、hsCRP对数值越大、左心肌越厚、左房越大出现阵发性AF的可能性越大。结论血浆hs-CRP与高血压阵发性AF的发生关系密切。     

贵州省112所医院医院感染质量控制指标调查分析

目的通过对贵州省112所医院感染控制监测数据收集和分析,了解贵州省及各地州市医院感染基本情况与发生特点,为制定医院感染预防与控制措施提供参考。方法 2012年1月1日-9月30日对112所贵州省各地州市二级以上医院的感染率、抗菌药物使用、手术部位感染及重点部位感染相关数据进行统计分析,各医院通过邮件、传真形式上传数据至省质量控制中心,由质量控制中心审核数据后,录入、分析。结果共112所医院参与调查,106所医院参与感染率调查,占94.64%;共调查医院患者4 4 771例,发生医院感染1 279例、1 349例次,感染率2.84%、例次感染率3.21%;37 128例住院患者抗菌药物使用、预防用药、治疗用药的平均使用率分别为44.54%、28.91%、71.09%,病原菌送检率19.41%;调查手术患者58 598例,术后发生切口感染670例,感染率为1.14%,肺部感染156例感染率为0.27%。结论通过对贵州省各级医院横断面调查,掌握医院感染变化趋势,提示各医疗机构应进一步规范医院感染病例监测,加强抗菌药物合理使用,提高病原菌送检率,减少耐药菌发生,认真落实重点部位感染预防相关指南,以降低侵入性操作的感染率。     

游离髂骨联合腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复手指背侧骨皮缺损

目的观察游离髂骨联合腹股沟皮瓣移植修复手指背侧骨皮缺损的临床效果。方法自2008年2月至2011年12月我中心收治的7例手指背侧骨皮缺损的患者,手术方案为:3例污染较轻者经急诊清创后Ⅰ期给予修复,4例感染者Ⅰ期彻底清除病灶,控制感染后,Ⅱ期行游离髂骨植骨微型接骨板内固定手指于功能位,腹股沟皮瓣修复软组织缺损。结果术后3⁴周断蒂,皮瓣全部成活;临床植骨愈合时间为8周3例,9周4例,平均8.5周;术后3个月复查全部病例均达到骨性愈合。随访104周断蒂,皮瓣全部成活;临床植骨愈合时间为8周3例,9周4例,平均8.5周;术后3个月复查全部病例均达到骨性愈合。随访10³6个月,皮瓣质地良好,外观满意,髂骨塑形良好,未出现骨髓炎、骨不愈合等情况。结论游离髂骨联合腹股沟皮瓣移植修复手指骨皮缺损是一种理想方法,简单易行,值得临床推广。