Electron microscopical demonstration of horseradish peroxidase by use of tetramethylbenzidine as chromogen and sodium tungstate as stabilizer (TMB-ST method): a tracing method with high sensitivity and well preserved ultrastructural tissue.

Until now methods using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for electron microscopy (TMB-EM methods) are all unable to provide a maximum demonstration of transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) while maintaining good ultrastructural tissue preservation. In order to solve this problem, we have attempted to adapt a newly developed, highly sensitive TMB method using sodium tungstate (ST) as the stabilizer (TMB-ST method) for HRP electron microscopic retrograde and anterograde fiber tracing. The present study shows that the TMB-ST method combined with diaminobenzidine-cobalt (DAB-Co) is more sensitive than existing TMB-EM methods and that ultrastructural details are well preserved with this combined method. The resultant reaction product complex after osmication is stable and is observed as characteristic crystal-like structures which are extremely electron dense and often aggregated into clumps. In contrast, the TMB-ST method without the DAB-Co step frequently produces a moderate electron-dense reaction product. Therefore, we recommend the TMB-ST method combined with DAB-Co for HRP electron microscopy.     

高原地区健康老年人重返平原后外周血T细胞亚群变化的观察

用单克隆抗体测定了移居高原的老年人重返平原后的T细胞亚群的变化结果:①移居西宁(2260m)组、天峻(3000m)组在西宁所测的OKT_3、OKT_4、OKT_8及OKT_4/OKT_8值与在苏州所测的当地老年人无差异。②移居西宁组急返平原后OKT_3、OKT_8水平明显低于返回平原后居住一年以上者(以下简称返回组)(P<0.01～0.001)但OKT_4/OKT_8无差异。③返回组与世居苏州老年人相比,前者OKT_3、OKT_4、OKT_8及OKT_4。OKT_8增高,其中OKT_3、OKT_4增高明显(P<0.01～0.02),作者认为长期移居高原返回平原后T细胞亚群也可能存在一“脱适应”阶段,即机体重新调整重新平衡的一种形式,这一阶段可能需一年以上。     

胸部X线与CT诊断支气管结核的临床价值

目的分析胸部X线及CT影像征象在支气管结核临床诊断中的价值和意义。方法收集本院经病理及电子支气管镜证实为支气管结核105例，对照其胸部X线与CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果105例患者中，胸部X线显示伴有肺内结核灶77例，气管狭窄、肺叶不张分别为51例和49例，未见异常表现17例。胸部CT扫描对气管狭窄及肺叶不张检出率明显提高，分别为72例和61例，且能观察到气管内壁情况及狭窄或阻塞后肺野情况，伴肺内结核灶79例，无异常改变只有8例。结论提高对支气管结核的影像学认识，能有效地提高临床诊断准确率。     

纤维结合素角膜上皮愈合作用的研究

人血浆纤维结合素对家兔刮除和板层切除后的角膜上皮愈合均有一定促进作用，角膜上皮裸区明显缩小，优于对照眼。临床治疗５类角膜上皮障碍５９例６１眼，均获得显著疗效。     

Trehalose protects against ocular surface disorders in experimental murine dry eye through suppression of apoptosis

The disaccharide trehalose is a key element involved in anhydrobiosis (the capability of surviving almost complete dehydration) in many organisms. Its presence also confers resistance to desiccation and high osmolarity in bacterial and human cells by protecting proteins and membranes from denaturation. The present study used a novel murine dry eye model induced by controlled low-humidity air velocity to determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. In addition, the efficacy of 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, the efficacy of which has been well documented. Mice ocular surface epithelial disorders were induced by exposure of murine eyes to continuous controlled low-humidity air velocity in an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES) for 21 days, which accelerated the tear evaporation. The mice were then randomized into three groups: the control group received PBS (0.01M) treatment; a second group received 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops treatment; and the third group received mice serum eyedrops treatment. Each treatment was administered as a 10 μl dose every 6 h for 14 days. The resultant changes in corneal barrier function and histopathologic examination of cornea and conjunctiva were analyzed and the level of apoptosis on the ocular surface was assessed using active caspase-3. After 14 days of treatment, the corneal fluorescein staining area, the ruffling and desquamating cells on the apical corneal epithelium, as well as the apoptotic cells on ocular surface epithelium had significantly reduced in eyes treated with trehalose compared with those treated with serum and PBS. In contrast, after 14 days of treatment, improvements in the thickness of the corneal epithelium, the squamous metaplasia in conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells of the conjunctiva were less marked in eyes treated with trehalose compared with serum. These results demonstrated that trehalose could improve the appearance of ocular surface epithelial disorders due to desiccation through suppression of apoptosis. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as serum upon topical application and can maintain corneal health.     

An appraisal of the appropriateness of the indications for hysterectomy.

Over a five-year period, 197 hysterectomies were performed at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Indications for the procedures vary from menstrual disorders and symptomatic fibroids to ovarian malignancy. The most common indication was found to be menorrhagia. Among multiple pre-operative indications, only the first listed major indication for hysterectomy was chosen. There were 145 abdominal and 52 vaginal hysterectomies and all were elective gynaecological procedures, majority of which were performed on women in their fourth and fifth decades of life. Verification of pre-operative diagnosis, when correlated with pathological findings, showed that some of the indications for the procedure deserve a more critical reappraisal. Since hysterectomy carries substantial economic and medical consequences, indications for undertaking the procedure deserve more careful scrutiny given the surgical and nonsurgical options that are currently available. There may be a need, therefore, to assess the appropriateness or otherwise of the use of hysterectomy in many of the patients in future.     

Immunohistochemical and histochemical study on colorectal adenomas and polyps]

Immunohistochemical staining and histochemical approach for mucin were applied in studying 58 cases of colorectal adenomas. Among them, there were 13 cases of multiple adenomas (polyps), 5 cases of inflammatory polyps and 5 cases of juvenile polyps. The results indicated that positive expression of both McAb MC5 and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1(UEA-1) were correlating with the degree of dysplasia, the histological type and the size of adenomas. The positive expression of peanut agglutinin (PNA) was correlating with the degree of dysplasia. Moderate and heavy stainings were mainly seen in adenomas accompanying with moderate and severe dysplasia, as well as adenomas with early carcinomatous changes. PAT-KOH-PAS method could sensitively reflect the occurrence of dysplasia and malignancy of the adenomas. These findings support the concept of an adenoma(dysplasia)-carcinoma sequence. In comparing multiple adenomas (number of adenomas > 100) with the solitary ones, a notable difference was obtained in the expression of McAb MC5. It's concluded that combined use of certain immunohistochemical and histochemical stainings is well be useful in detecting the malignant potentiality of adenoma.