深圳市南山区未婚女青年非意愿妊娠现状分析

目的:了解未婚女青年非意愿妊娠的现状,为探讨如何开展有效的青少年健康教育、减少青少年非意愿妊娠的发生提供理论依据。方法:对2006年1～12月到深圳市南山区六家计划生育服务机构自愿要求终止妊娠,年龄≤24岁的3200例未婚女青年的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:2004～2006年3年间未婚女青年流产比例呈逐年上升趋势,2006年未婚女青年流产比例达53.7%。本次调查3200例青少年中≤l9岁占40.5%,≥3次妊娠者占22.8%,半年内有妊娠史者占18.6%。有15.8%的人每次性交时采取了避孕措施,38.5%的人偶尔采用避孕措施,45.7%的人从未采取任何避孕措施。结论:未婚女青年非意愿妊娠发生率高,有效避孕措施使用率低,高危流产率高,及早进行青少年健康教育与避孕指导是减少青少年非意愿妊娠的主要手段。     

Sympathetic skin response in patients with myasthenia gravis★ A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The examination of sympathetic skin response is an important index for assessing the autonomic nerve function, and patients with myasthenia gravis are always accompanied by dysautonomia. Therefore, it will be important to know whether sympathetic skin response can be used as the index for the clinical evaluation of myasthenia gravis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response in the damage of autonomic nerve function of patients with myasthenia gravis. DESIGN: A case-controlled comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology and Room of Nerve Electromyogram, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty outpatients or inpatients with myasthenia gravis were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from May 2006 to May 2007, including 9 males and 21 females, aged 8–72 years with a mean age of (28±5) years old. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standards of myasthenia gravis, accompanied by different severity of autonomic nerve symptoms, including poor skin nutrition, sweating of hands and feet, pyknocardia, persistent hypotension, abdominal pain, constipation, etc. They all had not taken any drug affecting the autonomic nerve function before the examination. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients. Meanwhile, 30 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the normal control group, including 10 males and 20 females, aged 10–75 years with a mean age of (31±5) years old. Approval was obtained from the hospital ethic committee. METHODS: After admission, the patients were examined with sympathetic skin response using DANTEC keypoint 2.0 electromyography evoked potential apparatus (Danmark). The changes of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were observed. The subjects in the normal control group were examined with the same methods at physical examination. Abnormality was judged by the disappearance of wave form, latency longer than that in the normal control group by Mean±2.5SD, or wave amplitude lower than the average value in the normal control group by 50%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were compared between the patients with myasthenia gravis and normal controls. RESULTS: All the 30 patients with myasthenia gravis and 30 healthy physical examinees were involved in the final analysis of results. There were no significant differences between the left and right upper and lower limbs in both the myasthenia gravis group and normal control group (P > 0.05). In the myasthenia gravis group, the abnormal rate of sympathetic skin response was 37% (11/30), the latency was prolonged and the wave amplitude was decreased as compared with those in the normal control group, and there were significant differences (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sympathetic skin response can be used as an electrophysiological index for judging the damages of autonomic nerve function in patients with myasthenia gravis.     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术126例3年随访结果

目的 探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,LRP)治疗局限性前列腺癌的技术可行性和疗效.方法 2000年10月～2004年5月由中山大学附属第三医院泌尿外科同一手术医师对连续126例局限性前列腺癌患者实施经腹LRP.患者平均年龄(62.51±6.7)岁,平均术前PSA(13.36±10.14) ng/ml;临床分期中T1c期占17.46%(22/126),T2a期占48.41%(61/126),T2b期占23.81%(30/126),T2c期占10.32%(13/126).结果 126例手术均获成功,无1例中转开放手术.手术时间110～660 min,平均(250.28±79.44) min;术中出血量150～1 100 ml,平均(354.05±106.13) ml.主要的并发症包括直肠损伤3例(2.38%)、输尿管损伤2例(1.59%).术后切缘阳性率20.63%,在PT2a、PT2b、PT2c、PT3a、PT3b中分别为5.26%(3/57)、26.92%(7/26)、32.14%(9/28)、44.44%(4/9)、50.00%(3/6).术后126例均获得随访,随访时间为36～81个月,平均(55.69±11.81)个月.5年无生化复发率为71%,在PT2和PT3中分别为75%及43%.所有病例6个月内PSA降低至0.2 ng/ml以下;20.63%(26/126)生化复发,平均复发时间为38.19个月(12～60个月).拔管后99例(78.6%)控尿满意,半年完全控尿率达92.6%,1年时达97.8%,3年后所有病例控尿满意,仅2例腹压增加时需尿垫保护,但不超过1块/24 h.保留单侧或双侧性神经者术后6个月80.56%(37/46)获得阴茎满意勃起.结论 我们的结果与国外文献报道的LRP结果相似,表明我们的LRP技术安全、可行.在中国LRP成为治疗早期前列腺癌标准术式之一,随着LRP手术病例数增加和经验积累,还能进一步缩短手术时间、减少手术失血量、手术切缘阳性率和手术并发症.     

营养素食预防化疗患者便秘的效果观察

目的 观察营养素食预防化疗患者便秘的效果。方法 选择128例化疗患者，随机分为观察组和对照组各61例，对照组常规正常饮食，观察组于化疗开始当天实施营养素食．连续7～10d，比较两组患者便秘发生率及体重、血红蛋白、白蛋白等指标。结果　对照组便秘发生率显著高于观察组（P〈0．01）；两组化疗后营养指标比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）。结论　营养素食对化疗患者便秘有较好的预防作用。     

汶川大地震后送伤病员病情特点及救治要点

2008年5月12日发生的汶川里氏8．0级地震造成37万余人受伤，近90％为肢体创伤病员。其中，10％-15％患者伴有颅面、胸腹部等处创伤。我院于2008年5月23日及28日分两批收治47名震区空运伤病员，其中骨科伤病员41例。本文针对我院接收的41例骨科伤病员的入院时病情特点、治疗措施及原则等作一简要总结。     

支气管扩张症辨证模式初探

目的:探讨支气管扩张症的中医辨证分型规律及证候特点.方法:通过对563例支气管扩张症的临床流行病学调查,采集以症状、体征、舌、脉及相关理化检测为变量的基本信息,以频数分析、聚类分析、方差分析等方法,提炼支气管扩张症的证候分布规律及证候特点.结果:临床上支气管扩张症多见4种证候类型,分别为痰热壅肺证(45.65%)、肝火犯肺证(24.51%)、肺脾气虚证(22.38%)、气阴两虚证(7.46%).结论:较大样本的临床流行病学调查为研究支气管扩张症辨证分型规律提供了科学依据,并可以通过主症判别分析法建立证候识别模式,为临床实践提供依据.     

睾丸网注射法建立转基因小鼠

目的 为了研究睾丸网注射法建立转基因小鼠的可行性。方法 本试验应用显微注射仪将脂质体包裹的质粒pEGFP—N1通过睾丸网注射到4周龄昆明（KM）小白鼠睾丸生精小管内。注射后6周，与自然发情雌鼠交配，用PCR法检测仔鼠基因组中的外源DNA。结果 共注射4只雄性小鼠，3只存活，并且具有交配，受精能力，共获仔鼠63只，其中2只为PCR阳性仔鼠。结论 用睾丸网注射法制备转基因动物是可行的。     

大肠癌182例分析

目的研究大肠癌的发病情况、病理类型及临床表现并探讨其临床意义。方法回顾该院1987～2006年经大肠镜及病理检查确珍的大肠癌病例,对比性分析老年组（≥60岁）和非老年组（〈60岁）前10年（1987～1996年）及后10年（1997～2006年）大肠癌发病特点。结果后10年大肠癌发病率显著上升,主要以老年组增高为主,非老年组增加不明显。老年组与非老年组大肠癌的发病部位相同,依次为直肠、左半结肠、右半结肠,最好发的部位为直肠、乙状结肠。病理类型仍然为肿块型、溃疡型和浸润型。血便、黏液脓血便仍然是大肠癌最常见的临床表现。结论20年间大肠癌发病率迅速上升,前10年仅占26.2%,后10年占73.8%,老年组发病率明显增高。老年组与非老年组其发病部位、病理类型、临床表现差异均无显著性。     

Electrophysiological study on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone

To explore the electrophysiological proper-ties of differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (rBMSCs) to neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone, a new type of free radical scavenger. Methods: Stromal stem cells were separated from rat bone marrow with Ficoll-Paque reagent and expanded in different culture medium in vitro, rBMSCs were induced by edaravone containing serum-free L-DMEM. Morphologic observation and Western blot analysis including the ex-pression of Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Cav1.2 were performed, and whole patch-clamp technique was used. Results: Cyton contraction and long processes were shown in differentiated stromal stem cells. Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3 and Cav1.2 were expressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. However, the expression of channel proteins in differentiated cells was up-regulated. Consistently, their resting potential and outward currents were also enhanced in the differentiated cells, which was especially significant in the outward rectifier potassium current. Conclusion: In vitro, neuron-like cells derived from rBMSCs, induced by edaravone, possess electrophysiologi-cal properties of neurons.     

89例小脑幕脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 总结小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术治疗经验。方法 回顾分析1993年5月-2006年5月，89例经手术治疗的小脑幕脑膜瘤病人的临床表现、影像学检查、手术记录、病理及术后早期并发症。常见症状是头痛（54例，60．7％）、头晕（29例，32．6％）、步态异常（34例，38．2％）、听力损害（27例，30．3％）及面部疼痛（20例，22．5％）。主要体征是共济失调（38例，42．7％）、运动和感觉障碍（31例，34．8％）及脑神经损害（48例，53．9％）。多数病例MRI表现为等T1、T2信号并明显均一强化。结果 本组全切除65例（73．0％），次全切除23例（Okudera-KobayashiⅣ—Ⅴ级）。手术并发症的发生率和病死率分别为22．5％和1．1％。结论 根据小脑幕脑膜瘤部位以及与周围神经血管关系选择最佳手术入路。如全切肿瘤可能带来重要的神经功能损害，应考虑残留部分肿瘤。