In situ apoptosis of adaptive immune cells and the cellular escape of rabies virus in CNS from patients with human rabies transmitted by Desmodus rotundus

The aim of the current study was to investigate the apoptosis of neurons, astrocytes and immune cells from human patients that were infected with rabies virus by vampire bats bite. Apoptotic neurons were identified by their morphology and immune cells were identified using double immunostaining. There were very few apoptotic neurons present in infected tissue samples, but there was an increase of apoptotic infiltrating CD4+ and TCD8+ adaptive immune cells in the rabies infected tissue. No apoptosis was present in NK, macrophage and astrocytes. The dissemination of the human rabies virus within an infected host may be mediated by viral escape of the virus from an infected cell and may involve an anti-apoptotic mechanism, which does not kill the neuron or pro-apoptosis of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes and which allows for increased proliferation of the virus within the CNS by attenuation of the adaptive immune response.     

Combined administration of cerebrolysin and donepezil induces plastic changes in prefrontal cortex in aged mice

Cerebrolysin (Cbl) shows neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties while donepezil (Dnp) is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, both drugs are prescribed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Previous studies have shown that the Dnp and Cbl administered separately, modify dendritic morphology of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in senile rodents. Since the deficit of neurotrophic factor activity is implicated in the degeneration of cholinergic neurons of basal forebrain, a combination therapy of Dnp and Cbl has been tested recently in Alzheimer's patients. However, the plastic changes that may underlie this combined treatment have not yet been explored. We present here the effect of the combined administration of Cbl and Dnp on dendritic morphology in brain regions related to learning and memory in aged mice. The Golgi‐Cox staining protocol and Sholl analysis were used for studying dendritic changes. Cbl and Dnp were administrated daily for 2 months to 9‐months‐old mice. Locomotor activity was assessed, as well as the dendritic morphology of neurons in several limbic regions was analyzed. Results showed that Cbl and Dnp induced an increase in locomotor activity without synergistic effect. The Cbl or Dnp treatment modified the dendritic morphology of neurons from prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal hippocampus (DH), dentate gyrus (DG), and the shell of nucleus accumbens (NAcc). These changes show an increase in the total dendritic length and spine density, resulting in an improvement of dendritic arborization. Prominently, a synergistic effect of Cbl and Dnp was observed on branching order and total dendritic length of pyramidal neurons from PFC. These results suggest that Dnp and Cbl may induce plastic changes in a manner independent of each other, but could enhance their effect in target cells from PFC. Synapse 66:938–949, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Promoter methylation analysis of SIRT3, SMARCA5, HTERT and CDH1 genes in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Longevity related genes were investigated concerning promoter methylation. SIRT3, SMARCA5, HTERT and CDH1 promoters were analyzed in peripheral blood in relation to gender, age and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methylation Specific PCR assay (MSP) was used. There were no significant differences in methylation frequencies of SIRT3, SMARCA5 and CDH1 among young, elderly and AD groups (p> 0.05), showing no association with aging or AD. On the other hand, HTERT methylation frequency was associated with the aging process, in that AD patients differed from elderly controls (p=0.0086), probably due to telomere and immune dysfunctions involved in AD pathogenesis.     

Renal sympathoinhibition induced by hypernatremia: involvement of A1 noradrenergic neurons

Several findings suggest that A1 noradrenergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contribute to body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation. Recently we demonstrated that the renal vasodilation induced by infusion of hypertonic saline (HS) depends on the integrity of the A1 neurons. Here we determined the effect of lesions of these neurons on the inhibition of the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) induced by HS infusion. All experiments were performed in Wistar rats (280-350 g). A1 neurons were lesioned by microinjections of antidopamine-beta-hydroxylase-saporin (6.3 ng in 60 nl) into the CVLM (n=5), whereas sham rats received microinjections of free saporin (1.3 ng in 60 nl, n=10). Two weeks later, rats were anesthetized (urethane 1.2 g/kg, iv), and instrumented for recording of arterial pressure and RSNA. In sham rats, HS infusion (3 M NaCl, 0.18 ml/100 g bw, iv) induced a transient (相似文献   

A cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in Argentina to evaluate the impact of the exposome on skin aging

Background

Skin aging is a gradual cumulative process that may be accelerated by various exposome factors.

Aims

To investigate associations between exposome factors and facial skin aging in 11 locations in Argentina.

Patients/Methods

An observational, cross-sectional study with assessments by exposome questionnaire, Glogau photoaging classification from I to IV, AI-based algorithm analysis of 7 skin aging signs, and SCINEXA score.

Results

Of 1346 participants, most were women (82%), aged 31–50 years (62%), of skin phototype III (52%), and living in urban areas (94%). The Glogau skin age was higher than the chronological age for 28% of overall participants, 36% of men, and 45% of participants from Ciudad de Buenos Aires versus 12% from Jujuy (p < 0.001). Being male (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.18–2.13), exposed to agrochemicals (OR = 1.59: 95% CI 1.01–2.51), of lower socioeconomic levels (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.32–3.21) and doing outdoor physical activity (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.00–1.76) increased the risk for premature aging. Odds decreased with high daily intake of water (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.59–0.97), daily dermocosmetic use (moisturizers [OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.55–0.94], cleansers [OR = 0.53; CI 95% 0.42–0.67], retinoids [OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.39–0.95]), and antiaging treatments (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.57–0.97).

Conclusions

Some exposome factors increased the risk for premature skin aging (physical outdoor activity, exposure to agrochemicals), while others were protective factors (high water intake, antiaging treatments, use of dermocosmetics). Locations with higher pollution levels had more premature skin aging.     

Genetic polymorphisms are involved in oral health–related quality of life in skeletal class III patients submitted to orthognathic surgery

Clinical Oral Investigations - This study aimed to evaluate whether sex and genetic polymorphisms impact the oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) preoperatively and the difference...     

Effect of an experimental desensitizing gel on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching—a double-blind,randomized controlled trial

Clinical Oral Investigations - To evaluate the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS), and the efficacy of in-office bleaching after applying an experimental desensitizing gel composed of 10%...