(+)-Hydrastine, a potent competitive antagonist at mammalian GABAA receptors.

1. (+)-Hydrastine is a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from Corydalis stricta. It has the same 1S,9R configuration as the competitive GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline and is the enantiomer of the commercially available (-)-hydrastine. 2. (+)-Hydrastine (CD50 0.16 mg kg-1, i.v.) was twice as potent as bicuculline (CD50 0.32 mg kg-1, i.v.) as a convulsant in mice. This action was stereoselective in that (+)-hydrastine was 180 times as potent as (-)-hydrastine. 3. (+)-Hydrastine was a selective antagonist at bicuculline-sensitive GABAA receptors in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. It did not influence phaclofen-sensitive GABAB receptors or acetylcholine receptors in this tissue. (+)-Hydrastine was a competitive antagonist of GABAA responses (pA2 6.5) more potent than bicuculline (pA2 6.1). 4. When tested against the binding of [3H]-muscimol to high affinity GABAA binding sites in rat brain membranes, (+)-hydrastine (IC50 2.37 microM) was 8 times more potent than bicuculline (IC50 19.7 microM). 5. As an antagonist of the activation of low affinity GABAA receptors as measured by the stimulation by GABA of [3H]-diazepam binding to rat brain membranes, (+)-hydrastine (IC50 0.4 microM) was more potent than bicuculline (IC50 2.3 microM). 6. (+)-Hydrastine, 10 nM to 1 mM, did not inhibit the binding of [3H]-(-)-baclofen to GABAB binding sites in rat brain membranes.     

中西医结合治疗坏死性筋膜炎

本文积累了１９８１～１９９４年近十余年的临床资料，总结了中西医结合治疗坏死性筋膜炎的临床治疗经验。指出坏死性筋膜炎是一种少见的严重的软组织感染，发展迅速，病死率高，应引起临床医生的高度警惕，做出早期诊断是非常必要的。提出了扶正祛邪的中西医结合的整体治疗方案，全身治疗与局部处理相结合。对患处要采取早期，这时的多切口引流，给＂邪＂以出路。取得良好的疗效。     

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis: a study of 22 cases.

AIM: To investigate causes and clinical findings of non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis, and to study its response to topical antibiotic therapy and surgical extirpative keratectomy. METHOD: A single centre, retrospective review of 22 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis seen in a 3 year period. Laboratory diagnoses were established with Ziehl-Nielsen acid fast staining and Löwenstein-Jensen cultures. RESULTS: In 20 patients (91%), there was an antecedent history of foreign body eye trauma (18 patients) or elective surgery (two patients). There were 19 cases of Mycobacterium chelonei, and three of M fortuitum. Clinical signs included epithelial defects, satellite or ring stromal infiltrates, crystalline keratopathy, and hypopyon. For topical antibiotic therapy, 20 patients received amikacin, while one patient received rifampin and another received ciprofloxacin, each in accordance with the results of the in vitro drug sensitivities. An extirpative keratectomy was performed in 15 cases; four of these cases additionally required a temporary conjunctival flap in order to finally eradicate the infection. At the end of the follow up period (median 18 months; range 3 months to 3 years) all eyes were stable and free of infection, with 19 (86%) having final visual acuities of 20/200 or better. CONCLUSION: Early clinical recognition and prompt laboratory diagnosis, together with aggressive topical antibiotic therapy and early keratectomy, may shorten morbidity and improve the clinical outcome of non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis.     

脑干区占位病变的手术入路

本文报告了1990年5月以来脑干区大型、复杂占位病变15例.其中,位于脑干内3例,脚间窝2例,岩尖部4例,全岩骨区1例,全斜坡区2例,第四脑室内3例.本组采用以扩大了的岩骨入路为主的联合入路,行肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除5例.2例仅作了活检加减压术.除1例死亡外,均恢复良好.本文结合文献,对脑干区手术入路进行了讨论.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的PERG．PVEP

用自制的银氯化银钩形电极记录PERG,同步记录PVEP,对照组各波潜伏时,波幅与国外报告结果近似。中浆患眼40%P_m波下降,且与视力下降相关(r>r.05)。b波下降者仅15%,与视力不相关。两者反应的不同,提示PERG较少受外层视网膜病变的影响,能够直接反映内层视网膜的机能状态。但P_m波延迟者,b波多不延迟,未能证明视网膜内传导迟滞。     

新麻醉药静松灵生物转化的研究

静松灵[2-(2,4-二甲基苯胺基)-4,5-二氢噻唑,XT]是国内合成的麻醉物,经ip给药后,从大鼠尿中分离、纯化、鉴定了四个代谢产物。MB₁即XT原形;MB₃及MA₂互为异构体,分别为2位、4位甲基氧化为羧基的产物;MA₁则4位甲基氧化为羧基,二氢噻唑环中4¹位亚甲基氧化为羰基。初步实验表明:代谢产物MB₃,MA²,MA₁的药效与毒性均远低于原形药,大鼠与小鼠对XT的转化机制相近,但也存在种属的差异。     

Conjunctival cytologic features of primary Sj?gren's syndrome.

To determine whether there are specific cytologic features associated with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (SS), the authors evaluated impression cytology specimens from three conjunctival sites (temporal bulbar [TB], inferior bulbar [IB], and inferior tarsal [IT]) from 38 SS eyes, 34 eyes of aqueous tear-deficient patients without SS, 35 eyes of seborrheic blepharitis patients, and 17 eyes of normal controls in a masked fashion. The following features were observed more frequently in SS eyes than in the eyes of the other groups: squamous metaplasia of the TB and IB (P less than 0.05), extensive (greater than 75%) goblet cell loss of the TB (P less than 0.05), mucous aggregates of the bulbar conjunctiva (P less than 0.05), and inflammatory cells intercalated with epithelial cells on the IT conjunctiva (P less than 0.06). The conjunctival inflammatory cell infiltrate correlated with the presence of extensive squamous metaplasia (P less than 0.01) in SS specimens. The inflammatory cells on the IT conjunctival epithelium were found to consist predominantly of T-lymphocytes by immunofluorescent staining of cytologic specimens from six eyes. Based on these findings, the authors speculated that conjunctival squamous metaplasia, in addition to aqueous tear deficiency, may be due to primary involvement of the dysfunctional immune system of SS.     

Effects of subacute toluene exposure on neuronal and glial marker proteins in rat brain

The behavior of marker proteins of neurons (gamma-enolase) and glial cells (alpha-enolase, beta-S100 protein and creatine kinase-B) was investigated quantitatively by using enzyme immunoassay systems in toluene-exposed rat brains. Three groups of animals were exposed to toluene vapor at 300 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 3000 ppm, respectively, 8 h/day, 6 days/week, for 2 weeks. After subacute repeated solvent exposure, both neuron-specific gamma-enolase and glial marker proteins displayed an overall concentration-dependent increase tendency in separate brain regions. In cerebrum, only the 3000 ppm group showed a significant increase in alpha-enolase by 27% and creatine kinase-B (CK-B) by 26%. alpha-Enolase and gamma-enolase exhibited a pronounced elevation in cerebellum relative to other brain regions, while beta-S100 protein appeared to be the most markedly altered marker in brainstem. The development of gliosis, which is a frequent phenomenon following CNS damage, is presumed to be responsible for the elevation of glial marker content. Energy metabolism disruption in brain tissues may also bring about the compensatory oversynthesis of glycolytic enzymes such as gamma-enolase, alpha-enolase and CK-B. The dose-dependent alteration patterns following toluene exposure suggest the feasibility of using these brain specific markers to evaluate solvent-induced CNS effects.     

Determinantion and evaluation of antisperm antibodies and seminal immunosuppressive material in recurrent aborting couples

Circulating antisperm antibodies (AsAb) and immunosuppressive material in seminal plasma (SPIM)were determined by solid-phase enzyme staining assay and anticomplement test respectively in 686 patients with abortion (including 285 couples) . 241 fertile couple served as control. It's found that the positive rate of AsAb in infertile patients was significantly higher than that in fertile control,being 36.6% vs 3.3% (P<0.001). AsAb was even more offen detected in recurrent aborting patients. Male patients whose spouses aborted 2-6 fetuses had significantly less SPIM than control, sperm count and sperm motility were also significantly decreased. But the incidence of pyospermia was significantly greater than that in control. It is concluded that AsAb and SPIM have played an important role in the development of recurrent abortions.