手工凝聚胺试验影响因素分析

目的分析各种因素对手工凝聚胺试验的影响；方法应用手工凝聚胺（manual polgbrene test，MPT）做交叉配血及抗体筛选试验；结果血液标本、操作手法、凝聚胺试剂、药物（肝素、止血敏、高浓度KCl等）等对试验均有影响；其中以药物、操作手法影响较大，可致假阴性和假阳性结果；结论手工凝聚胺试验做交叉配血及抗体筛选时应注意排除药物和操作手法对试验结果的影响。     

肾小球微血管构型的扫描电子显微镜观察

应用微血管铸型扫描电镜技术研究8例成人肾脏的肾小球微血管构筑,结果发现:1.输入小动脉在肾小球血管极处分为2～5支小球内小叶微动脉。输入小动脉血管铸型的直径为126.35±20.5μm。2.肾小球是由小球内小叶微动脉、毛细血管、毛细血管网小叶间交通支和毛细血管输出根所构成的近似于球状体,小球内每个毛细血管网小叶均是一个独立的机能解剖学单位;3.299个肾小球均有一支输出小动脉,只有一个肾小球有两支输出小动脉。输出小动脉的血管铸型直径为91.35±11.7μm。4.输出小动脉起始处具有毛细血管前括约肌装置,此结构在调控肾小球内的微循环血流有着重要意义。     

Ischemic rat brain extracts induce human marrow stromal cell growth factor production

Intravenous administration of human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats provides functional benefit. We tested the hypothesis that these functional benefits are derived in part from hMSC production of growth and trophic factors. Quantitative sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of hMSCs cultured with normal and MCAo brain extracts were performed. hMSCs cultured in supernatant derived from ischemic brain extracts increased production of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). These neurotrophins and angiogenic growth factors increased in a post‐ischemia time‐dependent manner. The hMSC capacity to increase expression of growth and trophic factors may be the key to the benefit provided by transplanted hMSCs in the ischemic brain.     

烹调油烟致大小鼠肺癌的实验研究

[目的]了解烹调油烟（cooking oil fumes，COF）的动物致癌性。[方法]采用动式染毒法给Balb／c小鼠（雌雄各半）吸入COF浓度为9．09、20．65、38．85mg／m^3，染毒1次／1～2d，30min／次，共150次，计8个月；SD大鼠（雌雄各半）吸入COF浓度为6、88、15．06、35．33mg／m^3，染毒1次／2d，30min／次，共191次，计12．5个月。分别制备COF慢性中毒动物模型；两实验均设空白对照组，吸入与实验组相同温度的清洁空气。[结果]COF诱发Balb／c小鼠实验组肺癌总发生率为18、95％（29／153），低、中、高浓度组肺癌发生率分别为15．09％、20、00％和22．00％，与对照组差异均有显著性。但低、中、高三组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；COF诱发SD大鼠肺癌总发生率为9、10％（9／99），低、中、高浓度组肺癌发生率分别为6．45％、8．57％、12．12％，高浓度组肺癌发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。各性别组间肺癌发生率的差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。[结论]COF可以诱导Balb／c小鼠和SD大鼠肺癌，诱发的肺癌主要为肺腺癌（小鼠28／29，大鼠7／9），余为小细胞肺癌。     

强直性脊柱炎患者外周血CD62P的表达

目的探讨剖宫产指征的变化情况，分析影响剖宫产率的因素。方法 回顾性分析1393例剖宫产患者的临床资料。结果2年的平均剖宫产率为66．7％，其中2004年的剖宫产率为59．9％，2005年的剖富产率为72．2％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。剖宫产率的主要影响因素依次为社会因素（29．43％）、胎儿宫内窘迫（25．13％）、胎位异常（9．62％）、巨大胎儿（7．25％）、中至重度妊娠高血压综合征（6．25％）。结论剖宫产率的上升不只是一个纯医学问题，社会因素使剖宫产指征相对扩大，只有合理掌握剖宫产指征，通过医患双方、社会的共同努力，才能更好地降低剖宫产率。     

An etiological and clinicopathological study of early syphilis in oropharynx]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of the early stage treponema pallidum infected tissue in ear, nose, oropharynx and larynx and to raise relevance ratio of syphilis in nose and oropharynx and enhance doctor's self-protection awareness. METHODS: The histopathologic characteristics were studied by using HE staining, Warthin-Starry (W-S) staining was adopted to examine the treponema pallidum(TP) in lesion issue and its exudates smear for 12 cases biopsy tissues of suspicious syphilis. The diagnosis was confirmed by venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), rapid plasma reagin circle test(RPR), treponema pallidum hemagglutination test(TPHA) and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS). Treat with curing syphilis methods which published by nation. RESULTS: In the 12 cases mucous membrane specimen, the squamous epithelium proliferated, neutrophilic granulocyte infiltrated, within inherent membrane generous plasmacyte and lymphocyte infiltrated. W-S staining: plenty of treponema pallidum were found inside mucous membrane epithelium and exudate smear. Serology examination: 11 cases VDRL(++++), 7 cases RPR (+), 11 cases TPHA(+), 1 case FTA-ABS(+). After systemic treatment, 11 cases are clinically recovered. All patients serology become negative. CONCLUSION: W-S staining method can directly demonstrate histopathologic characteristics in early syphilis, in intrinsic membrane numerous plasmacyte infiltration. Combining with specific syphilis serology examination could increase diagnosis rate of syphilis in nose and oropharynx.     

卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤43例综合治疗疗效分析

为探讨不同手术方式及化疗方法对卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的疗效及相关影响因素，对43例卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤患者进行回顾性分析。手术方式分为：保守性手术（患侧附件、大网膜切除术＋盆、腹腔腹膜结节切除术＋盆腔淋巴结清扫术）及根治性手术（全子宫、双附件及大网膜切除术＿肿瘤细胞减灭术＋盆腔淋巴结清扫术）。术后采用VAC（长春新碱，阿霉素，环磷酰胺）方案、BEP（博莱霉素或平阳霉素，足叶乙叉甙，顺铂或卡铂）方案或VBP（长春新碱，博莱霉素或平阳霉素，顺铂或卡铂）方案进行联合化疗。患者5年生存率根治性手术为44．4％，保守性手术为64．0％，差异无显著性。VAC方案与BEP（或VBP）方案的5年生存率分别为33．3％和77．3％（P＜0．01）。疗程数≥4患者的5年生存率为73．9％，明显高于疗程数＜4患者的38．9％（P＜0．05）。认为对于有生育要求的卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤患者，可仅行保守性手术，术后辅以联合化疗。BEP（或VBP）方案对患者长期生存率的改善明显优于VAC方案。术后化疗的疗程数与疗效有关，对长期生存率的影响较明显。     

成人成骨细胞与珊瑚羟基磷灰石的体外生物相容性

目的：研究成人骨髓成骨细胞与珊瑚羟基磷灰石（carolline hydroxyapatite,CHA)在体外培养条件下的生物相容性。方法：抽取健康成人骨髓组织，置于含体积分数为10％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养，传代后改用含地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠和维生素C的条件培养基培养，分为CHA复合细胞组和单纯细胞组，不同时间用倒置相关显微镜，HE染色光镜及扫描电镜观察，MTT法进行细胞增殖测定，并进行细胞微量蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶的定量检测，结果：成人骨髓成骨细胞体外培养时复合或不复合CHA均生长良好，表现出典型成骨细胞的形态特征和生物学特性，CHA利于细胞的贴附，生长与增殖，并对细胞的功能无不良影响，结论：CHA是较理想的骨组织工程支架材料，成骨细胞复合CHA用于骨缺损的修复，具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

Good titles makes good articles: designing of English titles for medical papers.]

Based on the experience of the author and an intensive study of the titles of English medical papers written by authors in English-speaking countries, the characteristics and styles of the titles were expounded with well-selected examples. The paper also introduces some practical skills to write good English titles and enumerates some frequently used structures and expressions, which might be helpful for potential Chinese contributors to medical journals.     

难治性气管异物的处理

目的　探讨难治性气管异物的处理方法。方法　回顾 1994～ 2 0 0 3年 10年内收治的 12 5 8例气管异物中 ,10 9例难治性气管异物 (塑料笔帽、鸡骨头、图钉、钢珠、苍耳子球、玩具、带壳花生米、气门芯等 )的处理过程。患者年龄最小的为 8个月 ,最大的为 43岁。异物史最长达 12年。结果　 89例难治性气管异物直接从支气管镜下取出 ,19例行气管切开 ,1例气门芯异物开胸取出。结论　在处理难治性气管异物时要做好充分的术前准备 ,正确判断和处理并发症。