The effectiveness of a twice‐daily skin‐moisturising regimen for reducing the incidence of skin tears

A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a twice‐daily moisturising regimen as compared to ‘usual’ skin care for reducing skin tear incidence. Aged care residents from 14 Western Australian facilities (980 beds) were invited to participate. The facilities were sorted into pairs and matched in terms of bed numbers and whether they provided high or low care. One facility from each matched pair was randomised to the intervention group. Consenting residents in an intervention facility received a twice‐daily application of a commercially available, standardised pH neutral, perfume‐free moisturiser on their extremities. Residents in the control facilities received ad hoc or no standardised skin‐moisturising regimen. Participant numbers were sufficient to detect a 5% difference in incidence rate between the two groups with 80% power and a significance level of P = 0·05, and the inter‐cluster correlation coefficient was 0·034. Data were collected over 6 months. A total of 1396 skin tears on 424 residents were recorded during the study. In the intervention group, the average monthly incidence rate was 5·76 per 1000 occupied bed days as compared to 10·57 in the control group. The application of moisturiser twice daily reduced the incidence of skin tears by almost 50% in residents living in aged care facilities.     

小腿假肢对线对静态站立时下肢受力的影响

目的:研究小腿截肢患者站立状态下假肢对线对下肢受力特性的影响.方法:以假肢侧承重线和重力线作为评价指标,改变假肢矢状面和额状面的对线,采用激光测力平台测量患者静态站立时残侧承重线和重力线的位置,研究下肢受力状况的变化.结果:假肢侧承重线受踝关节对线的影响大于腿管对线调节的影响,并且力线随腿管与接受腔的前倾而前移,而额状面对线的影响很小;矢状面内重力线主要受踝关节对线调节的影响,并且与变化角近似正比例相关.结论:矢状面假肢对线调整对残侧下肢受力状况的影响较大,而额状面的对线调整影响较小.     

运动、激素替代治疗及补钙与骨质疏松的预防

目的:评价骨质疏松的指标-骨矿物质密度,并详细地介绍运动、激素替代治疗和补钙在骨质疏松预防中的作用。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1998-01/2001-12的关于运动与骨质疏松的文章,检索词包括“sports,hormone,calciumsupply,osteoporosispreventing”等,并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择运动与骨质疏松相关的文献,排除重复性研究。资料提炼:共收集到27篇运动与骨质疏松相关的文献,其中涉及运动与骨代谢19篇,补钙、运动与骨质5篇,激素替代治疗与骨质疏松3篇,与本项设计密切相关的20篇,选择7篇用于综述。资料综合:骨矿物质密度指髂骨的骨矿物质密度。有多种测量方法。运动可维护和提高骨矿物质密度,儿童少年经常参加体育运动,可促进骨质的增长,增加骨峰值;中老年坚持体育锻炼,可以保持高质量的骨质。运动可提高需钙阈值,促进钙的吸收。人体维持正常的激素水平,对维持骨健康的作用更重要。结论:在30岁以前,尽可能的促进骨质的增长。在30岁以后,尽量减缓随年龄增加而引起的骨质丢失。有规律的体育锻炼、足量钙的摄入、正常的激素水平是预防骨质疏松的3个必不可少的因素。对于各年龄段的人,预防骨质疏松最理想的运动形式是:多肌肉群参与的动力性运动,运动强度超过70%的有氧运动。     

Receptor occupancy of nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing factor 1 antagonist DMP696: correlation with drug exposure and anxiolytic efficacy

4-(1,3-Dimethoxyprop-2-ylamine)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine (DMP696) is a highly selective and potent, nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF(1)) antagonist. In this study, we measured in vivo CRF(1) receptor occupancy of DMP696 by using ex vivo ligand binding and quantitative autoradiography and explored the relationship of receptor occupancy with plasma and brain exposure and behavioral efficacy. In vitro affinity (IC(50)) of DMP696 to brain CRF(1) receptors measured using the brain section binding autoradiography in this study is similar to that assessed using homogenized cell membrane assays previously. The ex vivo binding assay was validated by demonstrating that potential underestimation of receptor occupancy with this procedure could be minimized by identifying an appropriate in vitro incubation time (40 min) based upon the dissociation kinetics of DMP696. Orally administrated DMP696 dose dependently occupied CRF(1) receptors in the brain, with ~60% occupancy at 3 mg/kg. In the defensive withdrawal test of anxiety, this dose of DMP696 produced approximately 50% reduction in the exit latency. The time course of plasma and brain drug levels paralleled that of receptor occupancy, with peak exposure at 90 min after dosing. The plasma-free concentration of DMP696 corresponding to 50% CRF(1) receptor occupancy (in vivo IC(50), 1.22 nM) was similar to the in vitro IC(50) (~1.0 nM). Brain concentrations of DMP696 were over 150-fold higher than the plasma-free levels. In conclusion, doses of DMP696 occupying over 50% brain CRF(1) receptors are consistent with doses producing anxiolytic efficacy in the defense withdrawal test of anxiety, and the IC(50) value estimated in vivo based on plasma-free drug concentrations is consistent with the in vitro IC(50) value.     

传染病分子生物学实验教学实践与体会

随着生命科学的快速发展,分子生物学在传染病诊断和治疗研究中的作用日益重要。本文针对传染病专科医院分子生物学实验教学特点,以问题为导向的教学方法（PBL）为核心,从更新教学内容、改进教学方法、丰富教学手段及培养科学思维等方面阐述了研究生细胞生物学实验教学改革的实践及体会。     

白内障超声乳化术后脓肿型非结核分枝杆菌性眼内炎一例

患者男,48岁,装修工人,因左眼白内障术后眼红、视力下降1周于2011年9月6日来我院就诊,门诊以“左眼眼内炎,人工晶体眼”收入眼科,患者1个月前因“左眼白内障：外伤性？”在我院行白内障超声乳化＋人工晶体植入术,术程顺利.术后18 d（2011年8月28日）患者出现眼红伴视物模糊,怀疑眼内炎,遂行玻璃体抽液培养并玻璃体腔注入万古霉素1 mg,3d后玻璃体抽液培养为非结核分枝杆菌（脓肿型）,因眼部炎症药物控制不佳,病情进一步加重,遂收住院进一步治疗.     

针刀治疗腹股沟疝手术后切口疼痛的临床研究

目的：探讨用针刀治疗疝修补术后切口疼痛的可行性。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年5月,山西省一○九医院对193例疝手术后切口疼痛的患者分别应用药物治疗、局部阻滞及针刀治疗,观察其疼痛治疗结果。结果三组患者比较,针刀治疗慢性疼痛效果明显优于药物治疗及局部阻滞效果,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．765、6．081,P＝0．016、0．014）。结论应用针刀治疗疝修补术后切口疼痛明显有效,可广泛应用于临床。     

组织学前列腺炎对经尿道前列腺剜除术的影响及临床意义

目的分析组织学前列腺炎对经尿道前列腺剜除术（PKEP）的影响程度和临床意义。方法通过经尿道前列腺剜除术对231例前列腺增生（BPH）患者行手术治疗。所有患者根据手术标本病理检查结果进行分组：138例BPH伴组织学前列腺炎患者（炎症组）和93例单纯BPH患者（对照组）,分析两组患者的增生腺体剥离时间,出血量,并发症发生情况以及术后排尿情况。结果两组患者的年龄差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两组患者前列腺体积差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PSA、IPSS评分以及尿流率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。炎症组与对照组剥离时间分别为：（55±20）min和（37±11）min,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。炎症组5例发生前列腺包膜穿孔,对照组无穿孔发生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术中出血量分别为：（310±90）ml和（105±55）ml,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。炎症组8例需术中输血,对照组无输血,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。炎症组与对照组术后发生暂时性尿失禁分别为63例和19例,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者术后3个月尿流率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论组织学前列腺炎是导致PKEP手术时间延长,增加术中出血量以及术后并发症发生的重要因素。     

非吸收性抗生素利福昔明的临床应用进展

非吸收性抗生素在临床中具有特殊的治疗价值,利福昔明作为代表药物在急性肠道感染、肠易激综合征、炎性肠病、结肠憩室病,以及肝性脑病等疾病的治疗中有着很好的疗效和广泛的应用前景.此文对利福昔明治疗相关疾病的临床疗效及安全性研究进展作了综述,为临床合理用药提供参考.