浅谈医疗设备临床使用安全风险管理

本文针对目前医疗设备临床使用与管理现状,提出了医疗设备风险管理概念。基于医疗设备在临床使用中的风险分析与评估,阐述了相应的风险控制与管理,通过一系列有效的质控措施,保证医疗设备的安全有效运转。     

氡染毒大鼠肺组织病理改变与CcO活性的相关性研究

目的 观察氡染毒对大鼠肺组织的病理改变以及线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(CcO)活性的影响。方法 多功能生态氡室对Wistar大鼠进行氡及其子体染毒,累积染毒剂量分别达100、200、400WLM,染毒后观察各组大鼠的肺组织损伤程度,提取大鼠肺组织线粒体进行CcO活性的测定。结果 染毒后肺组织主要病理变化为肺间质充血水肿,炎症细胞浸润,纤维化变性,肺泡腔萎缩消失。线粒体CcO的活性随着染氡剂量的增加逐渐降低,并且与肺泡间隔厚度成负相关,与肺泡腔面积成正相关。结论 氡染毒后肺组织的病理改变与CcO的活性相关。     

宁夏西吉县城乡接合部地区学生人居环境卫生学现况

目的 了解城乡接合部地区学生人居环境卫生学现况,为卫生宣教提供参考依据.方法 问卷调查:随机整群抽取宁夏西吉县吉强镇团结村北屲坪城乡接合部村庄,对租住房间的家长、学生卫生学常识进行调查;对城乡接合部租住学生房间的面积大小、居住人口结构和数量、无害化厕所的覆盖率、年人均经济收入等情况进行实地考察;依据DB 31/8-1998对租住学生室内进行细菌学检测,对数据进行统计学分析.结果 租住房间210间,居住人家210户,均为民房,无害化厕所的覆盖率为33.55％.共租住人数1983人,每间房屋面积平均45 m2,居住人均4.6人,住房面积人均9.8 m2.人均年收入约1000.00元.从整体水平看家长的卫生常识水平最低,只有38.96％.室内卫生状况:卫生常识宣传前细菌菌落总合格率为46.32％,大肠菌群数总合格率为42.11％;宣传后,细菌菌落总合格率提高到76.80％,大肠菌群数总合格率提高到88.95％,细菌菌落总数合格率提高了30.48％,大肠菌群数定性检测合格率提高了46.73％.结论 城乡接合部地区学生人居条件拥挤,卫生条件较差,卫生常识水平偏低,是卫生宣教的重点对象.     

Unraveling the Phase Stability and Physical Property of Modulated Martensite in Ni2Mn1.5In0.5 Alloys by First-Principles Calculations

Large magnetic field-induced strains can be achieved in modulated martensite for Ni-Mn-In alloys; however, the metastability of the modulated martensite imposes serious constraints on the ability of these alloys to serve as promising sensor and actuator materials. The phase stability, magnetic properties, and electronic structure of the modulated martensite in the Ni₂Mn_1.5In_0.5 alloy are systematically investigated. Results show that the 6M and 5M martensites are metastable and will eventually transform to the NM martensite with the lowest total energy in the Ni₂Mn_1.5In_0.5 alloy. The physical properties of the incommensurate 7M modulated martensite (7M–IC) and nanotwinned 7M martensite (7M−(52¯)2) are also calculated. The austenite (A) and 7M−(52¯)2 phases are ferromagnetic (FM), whereas the 5M, 6M, and NM martensites are ferrimagnetic (FIM), and the FM coexists with the FIM state in the 7M–IC martensite. The calculated electronic structure demonstrates that the splitting of Jahn–Teller effect and the strong Ni–Mn bonding interaction lead to the enhancement of structural stability.     

水环境中粪便污染的微生物溯源技术及研究进展

人畜粪便是造成水体病原菌污染的主要因素之一,快速、正确地判别水体污染的来源对保障饮用水及环境水体安全尤为重要。近年来,利用微生物进行水体病原菌污染的溯源分析已成为国际上的研究热点。该文简要介绍微生物溯源技术的基本原理,着重阐述了该技术的方法学,并进一步提出了微生物溯源技术与应用结合的未来研究方向,以期为同领域专家学者提供参考,促进微生物溯源技术在我国的应用。     

Photoprotective and Antiaging Effects of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Asian and Caucasian Subjects: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Controlled Study

The increase in solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) that reaches the Earth’s surface should make us reflect on the need to develop new approaches in protecting the skin from UVR exposure. The present study aims to evaluate the photoprotective and antiaging efficacy of a red orange extract (100 mg/day) in both Asian and Caucasian subjects. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was carried out in 110 Asian and Caucasian subjects. Product efficacy was measured as follows: (1) the photoprotective effect was measured by the minimal erythema dose (MED) assessment; (2) the efficacy in decreasing the UVA+B-induced skin redness was measured by colorimetry; (3) the antioxidant efficacy was measured by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) assay; and (4) skin moisturization, skin elasticity, skin radiance, the intensity of melanin staining, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and wrinkles were measured to assess the antiaging efficacy. The intake of the product for 56 days was effective in improving the skin reaction to UV exposure; in increasing the skin antioxidant capacity as well as in decreasing UVA-induced lipid peroxidation; in increasing the skin moisturization, skin elasticity, and skin radiance; and in decreasing TEWL, the intensity of melanin staining inside dark spots, and wrinkle depth. Our results suggest that the test product is effective in counteracting both the harmful effects of UVR exposure and aging signs.     

NSF-Based Analysis of the Structural Stressing State of Trussed Steel and a Concrete Box Girder

This paper analyses the characteristics of the mechanical behavior of a trussed steel and concrete box beam under bending conditions based on the structural stressing state theory and the numerical shape function method. Firstly, the parametric generalized strain energy density was introduced to characterize the structural stressing state of trussed steel stud concrete box girders, and the strain energy density sum was plotted. Then the Mann-Kendall criterion was used to discriminate the leap point of the curve change and to redefine the structural failure load. By analyzing the strain and displacement, the existence of a sudden change in the structural response during the load-bearing process was again demonstrated. Afterwards, the numerical shape function method was used to extend the strain data, and further in-depth analyses of strain/stress fields and internal forces were carried out to show in detail the working characteristics of each under load. Through an in-depth analysis from different angles, the rationality of updating the failure load was verified. Finally, the effects of different structure parameters on the evolution of the structural stresses of the members were analyzed in a transversal comparison. The analysis results of the stress state of a steel-concrete truss structure reveal the working behavior characteristics of a steel-concrete truss structure from a new angle, which provides a reference for the design of a steel-concrete truss structure in the future.     

产前超声检查在胎儿泌尿系统异常中的应用价值

目的：探讨超声在胎儿泌尿系统异常中的应用价值。方法：通过分析18例胎儿泌尿系统异常的声像图特征,结合后续复查随访,判断病变的性质。结果：18例异常中,多数病例为功能性病变,器质性病变如无其他系统合并症,大多为非致死性。结论：超声对胎儿泌尿系统异常的检出及性质的判断有较大的优势,但也存在一定的客观局限性。     

Circulating coxsackievirus A16 identified as recombinant type A human enterovirus, China

To determine the relationship of coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) to prototype CA16-G10, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of circulating CA16 strains in China. Complex recombinant forms of CA16-related viruses involving multiple human enteroviruses, subgroup A (CA4, CA16, and enterovirus 71), are prevalent among patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease.