严重烫伤对睾丸间质细胞影响的实验研究

采用大鼠３０％Ⅲ度烫伤模型，应用光镜、电镜、３β－羟甾脱氢酶（３β－ＨＳＤ）组织化学染色及其相对活性的测定和血清睾酮及黄体生成素（ＬＨ）浓度的检测，分不同时相对严重烫伤后３０天内大鼠睾丸间质细胞的改变进行了动态观察。结果表明，烫伤后睾丸间质细胞有不同程度的变性、坏死；间质细胞内３β－ＨＳＤ活性迅速降低，伤后３０天仍保持较低水平；血清睾酮水平迅速下降，并持续维持较低水平，伤后３０天仍不回升，而血清ＬＨ浓度无明显改变。提示烫伤后血清睾酮下降的机理可能与睾丸间质细胞的受损及糖皮质激素升高有关。     

Roles of PMN leucocytes, platelets and some mediators in rat hind-paw oedema induced by two phospholipase A2 enzymes from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom.

Two phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, TMVPLA2 I and TMVPLA2 II, isolated from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom induced rat hind-paw oedema. Recovered myeloperoxidase activity increased within 1 h and was greatly elevated in the rat paw 3-6 h after subplantar injection of these venom PLA2 enzymes. Methotrexate pretreatment significantly reduced not only the peripheral leucocyte count but also venom PLA2-induced paw oedema. In rat isolated PMN leucocyte suspension, venom PLA2 induced superoxide radical formation. Paw swelling caused by TMVPLA2 I or TMVPLA2 II was only slightly or not, respectively, reduced in the rats pretreated with anti-platelet plasma, which reduced peripheral blood platelet count by greater than 96%, suggesting platelets are not involved. In isolated platelet preparation, TMVPLA2 I induced platelet activation in a concentration-dependent manner, while TMVPLA2 II had no effect. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine/methysergide greatly suppressed the oedematous responses caused by the two venom PLA2 enzymes; the residual responses were significantly further depressed by aspirin. The oedematous responses caused by the enzymes were also suppressed by FPL 55712, BW 755C, dexamethasone, superoxide dismutase/catalase, isoprenaline and terbutaline. However, BN 52021 and L 652731, both platelet aggregating factor antagonists, were not effective on these responses. Thus, in addition to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release by the mast cells in PLA2-induced paw oedema (Wang & Teng 1990), the results of this study indicate minor, but significant, roles for neutrophils and inflammatory mediators including prostaglandins, leukotrienes and superoxide radicals.     

丙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞中丙型肝炎病毒复制的研究

９例临床诊断为丙型肝炎患者，研究其外周血单核细胞中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的存在及复制。９例患者血清标本抗－ＨＣＶ及ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均为阳性，采用高敏感的逆转录一套式ＰＣＲ法测定其外周血单核细胞中ＨＣＶ正、负链ＲＮＡ，结果９例患者外周血单核细胞中７例ＨＣＶ正链ＲＮＡ阳性，３例ＨＣＶ负链ＲＮＡ阳性，证实部分丙肝患者外周血单核细胞中存在ＨＣＶ的复制，表明肝细胞并非为ＨＣＶ感染与复制的唯一场所。     

Adrenocorticoid regulation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in adult rat kidney: effects on post-translational processing and mRNA abundance.

The mechanisms by which adreno-corticoid hormones regulate Na+,K(+)-ATPase in adult kidney were studied in adrenalectomized (Adx) rats. Five days after adrenalectomy, Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was significantly reduced in the renal cortex homogenate (C = 13.0 +/- 0.8 vs. Adx = 7.1 +/- 0.7 mumol Pi mg-1 protein h-1) and in renal microsomes (C = 30.3 +/- 1.9 vs Adx = 14.6 +/- 1.3 mumol Pi mg-1 protein h-1). Glucocorticoid replacement treatment of adrenalectomized rats with betamethasone (20 micrograms kg-1 body wt twice daily for 5 days) effectively counteracted the observed reduction in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. In cortical homogenate the protein level of alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits measured in immunoblots was not significantly different in Adx and control rats, indicating that 5 days after adrenalectomy the alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits were present in renal cortical cells to almost normal extent but could not be assembled into a transmembrane functional unit. In support of this conclusion we found that the protein level of both the alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits was significantly lower (P less than 0.001 for both subunits) in microsomes from Adx than in control rats. The mRNA abundance for alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits were not lower in Adx as compared to control rats 1 and 5 days after surgery. However, if Adx rats were given a single dose of betamethasone (600 micrograms kg-1 body wt), a significant 2-fold increase in both alpha 1 and beta 1 mRNAs was observed (P less than 0.05 for both subunits).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

动脉韧带与左喉返神经的解剖研究

本文用30例成人尸体观察了动脉韧带和左喉返神经,动脉韧带长1.2.97±4.53mm,圆索状动脉韧带23例(77％),直径为3.92±1.12mm。动脉韧带的主动脉端附着于主动脉弓(80％)或降主动脉(20％),肺动脉端附着于左肺动脉,6例肺动脉端位于心包内。19例(63％)左喉返神经绕主动脉弓,11例(37％)绕动脉韧带的主动脉端。     

Chemical constituents of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz]

Butanedioic acid was isolated from the ethyl alcohol extract of Hedysarum polybotrys. The methylated carboxylic acid was identified by GC-MS method.     

小儿与成人喉内肌肌纤维型的差异与喉功能的关系

通过对１０例小儿及２３例成年人的喉内肌进行的ｍｙｏｓｉｎ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ等染色观察，得到小儿和成人各喉内肌不同的肌纤维构成比。成人ＰＣＡⅠ型纤维最多，ＬＣＡ、ＩＮＡ及ＣＴ次之，ＴＡ最少。小儿的各喉内肌也有类似比例。表明不论小儿或成人，ＰＣＡ均具有较强的抗疲劳性，适应呼吸作用的需要；ＴＡ具有较快的收缩速度，以适应发声及呼吸道保护作用。从纤维构成上看，小儿与成人相比，各喉内肌Ⅰ型纤维较为匮乏，表明小儿的喉在发声及呼吸道保护等功能方面尚不够完善。     

人胎儿雪旺氏细胞的体外培养及其纯化研究

本实验用酶消化法从孕１４～１９周人胎儿周围神经中分离培养雪旺氏细胞，结合差速贴壁和阿糖胞苷处理进行纯化，根据Ｓ－１００蛋白免疫细胞化学染色和形态学特征，分析不同时期雪旺氏细胞的纯化程度。实验结果显示：培养４ｄ，倒置相差显微镜下观察，雪旺氏细胞呈典型的双极或三极形，端对端或旋涡状排列，Ｓ－１００蛋白免疫细胞化学染色呈阳性反应，其比例约占９８％；在２～３周内，雪旺氏细胞的纯度维持在８５％～９０％；培养３５ｄ，雪旺氏细胞约占８０％；单纯采用阿糖胞苷或差速贴壁处理，培养３５ｄ，雪旺氏细胞约占７０％；原代培养９２ｄ，传代１１代细胞生长良好。实验结果表明，多种方法联合使用较单一方法所得的纯度高。本方法快速、简便，能为雪旺氏细胞作为移植材料提供足够的来源。