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31.
Ana T Timóteo Miguel Mendes Carlos T Aguiar Ana Barba?a Ricardo Seabra-Gomes 《Revista portuguesa de cardiologia》2004,23(12):1519-1530
BACKGROUND: The exercise test has a recognized lower risk of complications when used in the general population and in coronary artery diseased patients, but from a theoretical point of view should have a higher rate of complications when performed in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). AIMS: To characterize and assess the type and incidence of complications during cardiopulmonary stress test (CPX) in patients with depressed left ventricular systolic function in comparison with a group of patients and individuals with normal function. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the 334 consecutive CPX performed for risk stratification in 198 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction below 40% (Group A) and 180 consecutive CPX performed in 78 subjects with normal function (Group B). The two groups were compared with respect to demographic data, CPX parameters and specific complications. Results: Major complications during the tests occurred only in 14 tests of Group A (4.2%, p = 0.012). Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, <6 beats, occurred in 7 group A and 2 group B tests. The absence of coronary artery disease was the only independent predictor for complications. CONCLUSIONS: Major CPX complications occurred only in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function. Heart failure patients showed a low probability (around 4%) for complications during CPX, significantly higher and more severe than the risk in the group of patients with normal ventricular function, allowing us to recommend that CPX in patients with heart failure should be performed in a hospital setting under the supervision of a physician with specific training. 相似文献
32.
利用乙型肝炎病毒DNA开放框架上的BamHI和HpaI位点,酶切消化质粒载体PEcob6(含双拷贝HBVDNA),得到约900bp的HBV-S基因片断。将其插入到噬菌粒载体PBluescriptsk+的SmaI位点上。然后通过体外寡核苷酸介导的人工定点突变获得一系列(共12种)S基因“免疫逃避”突变型。再通过EB病毒真核表达载体pMEP4上的BamHI和Kpnl位点将噬菌粒pBluescripsk+上的S基因突变型片断定向克隆到PMEP4上,从而构建了含乙肝S基因突变型的重组质粒pMEP4HBSM。用其转染人肝癌传代细胞系HepG2,经潮霉素选择,三周后获得抗性细胞克隆。经用抗HBs单克隆抗体(含针对HBsAg“a”抗原决定簇)检测除含变异体145(即145位上甘氨酸为精氨酸替代)外其余抗变异体HBsAg均为阳性。经Westernblot证实变异体145,在分子量约为23KD处有一特异HBsAg蛋白带。 相似文献
33.
The processing of antigens delivered as DNA vaccines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary: The ability of DNA vaccines to provide effective immunological protection against infection and tumors depends on their ability to generate good CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses. Priming of these responses is a property of dendritic cells (DCs), and so the efficacy of DNA‐encoded vaccines is likely to depend on the way in which the antigens they encode are processed by DCs. This processing could either be via the synthesis of the vaccine‐encoded antigen by the DCs themselves or via its uptake by DCs following its synthesis in bystander cells that are unable to prime T cells. These different sources of antigen are likely to engage different antigen‐processing pathways, which are the subject of this review. Understanding how to access different processing pathways in DCs may ultimately aid the rational development of plasmid‐based vaccines to pathogens and to cancer. 相似文献
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In gamma-ray spectrometry, true coincidence summing correction factors for an extended sample can be calculated from full-energy-peak and total efficiencies as if the sample were a point source, if the so-called linear-to-square- (LS) curve, introduced by Blaauw and Gelsema, is known and properly applied. A method is described for obtaining the efficiencies and the corresponding LS-curve for an arbitrary cylindrical sample from calibration measurements in a reference geometry. The approach is aimed at the analysis of samples measured on p-type HPGe detectors in environmental gamma-ray spectrometry and was successfully verified against experimental data. 相似文献
38.
Limitations of CT during PET/CT. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marc J Gollub Richard Hong Debra M Sarasohn Tim Akhurst 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2007,48(10):1583-1591
Our aim was to determine the diagnostic limitations of low-dose, unenhanced CT scans performed for anatomic reference and attenuation correction during PET/CT. METHODS: The Radiology Information System at our oncologic hospital was queried during the 9-mo period from July 2002 to April 2003 for patients with PET/CT scans and diagnostic enhanced CT within 2 wk of each other. One radiologist interpreted the CT portion of the PET/CT (CT(p)) unaware of the PET results and the associated enhanced diagnostic CT (CT(d)). A medical student compared this interpretation with the official report of the CT(d) and listed all discrepancies between reports. A separate radiologist compared CT(p) and CT(d) images and classified true discrepant findings as due to lack of intravenous contrast, arm-position artifact, lack of enteric contrast, low milliamperage (mA), and quality of lung images. RESULTS: Among 100 patients, the most common malignancies were lymphoma (n = 37), cancer of the colorectum (n = 31), and esophageal cancer (n = 15). Among 194 true discrepancies in which findings were missed at CT(p), causes were as follows: (a) lack of intravenous contrast (128/194, 66%), (b) arm-down artifact (17/194, 9%), (c) quality of lung images (26/194, 13%), (d) lack of enteric contrast (15/194, 8%), and (e) low mA (8/194, 4%). Discrepancies were seen most commonly in detecting lymphadenopathy and visceral metastases. CONCLUSION: Most missed findings on the unenhanced CT portion of the PET/CT scans were due to technical factors that could be altered. Discrepant findings would have led to altered management in only 2 patients, suggesting a role for limited repeat imaging to reduce radiation and use of valuable resources. 相似文献
39.
Suzanne Christopher Tim Dunnagan George Haynes Lili Stiff 《Behavioral and brain functions : BBF》2007,3(1):10-9
Background
A multi-state consortium was developed in the US to conduct baseline data collection and intervention research on fetal alcohol syndrome. Each state employed support specialists whose job it was to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption in women who were at high risk for drinking alcohol during their pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is to report how support specialists in three primarily rural/frontier states were trained to assess client need and how client need was actually assessed in the field. 相似文献40.