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Titanium: a review on exposure,release, penetration,allergy, epidemiology,and clinical reactivity 下载免费PDF全文
Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental and medical implants, personal care products, and foods. Despite being considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, Ti is released in the presence of biological fluids and tissue, especially under certain circumstances, which seem to be more likely with regard to dental implants. Although most of the studies reviewed have important limitations, Ti seems not to penetrate a competent skin barrier, either as pure Ti, alloy, or as Ti oxide NPs. However, there are some indications of Ti penetration through the oral mucosa. We conclude that patch testing with the available Ti preparations for detection of type IV hypersensitivity is currently inadequate for Ti. Although several other methods for contact allergy detection have been suggested, including lymphocyte stimulation tests, none has yet been generally accepted, and the diagnosis of Ti allergy is therefore still based primarily on clinical evaluation. Reports on clinical allergy and adverse events have rarely been published. Whether this is because of unawareness of possible adverse reactions to this specific metal, difficulties in detection methods, or the metal actually being relatively safe to use, is still unresolved. 相似文献
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肿瘤治疗存在的问题及中西医结合的研究重点 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
目前的肿瘤治疗主要存在以下几个问题:(1)肿瘤的过度治疗普遍存在;(2)急功近利而缺乏长远规划;(3)综合治疗缺乏合理的内涵;(4)缺少有效的个体化治疗方案;(5)对中医药的优势认识不足、发挥不够。中西医结合在肿瘤防治中大有可为,应重点围绕以下几个方面开展研究工作:(1)加强中医对恶性肿瘤基础知识的认识和研究;(2)加强中西医结合治疗肿瘤合理化、规范化方案的研究;(3)加强中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤疗效标准的研究;(4)加强中西医结合防治肿瘤术后复发、转移的研究。 相似文献
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José GM Hofhuis Henk F van Stel Augustinus JP Schrijvers Johannes H Rommes Jan Bakker Peter E Spronk 《Critical care (London, England)》2009,13(1):118-3
During recent years increasing attention has been given to the quality of survival in critical care. Health-related quality
of life (HRQOL) is an important issue both for patients and their families. Furthermore, admission to the intensive care unit
can have adverse psychological effects in critically ill patients. Recent studies conducted in critically ill patients have
measured HRQOL. However, usually absent from such reports are evaluations of conceptual issues, addressing factors such as
why HRQOL should be measured in critically ill patients, how to define and standardize domains of HRQOL, whether proxies can
provide useful information about HRQOL in critically ill patients, whether response shift occurs in critically ill patients,
and whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in critically ill patients. Some studies reported moderate agreement
between patients and their proxies, although lower levels of agreement may be reported for psychosocial or physical functioning.
Response shift (adaptation and change in perception) appears to be an important phenomenon and likely to be present, but it
is seldom measured when estimating HRQOL in critically ill patients. Furthermore, vigilance for symptoms of PTSD and early
interventions to prevent PTSD are needed. 相似文献
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A Lacout M El Hajjam C Julie P Lacombe JP Pelage 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2008,52(6):580-582
We report the case of a patient with a single liver metastasis of a mucinous colonic carcinoma that mimics a haemangioma in T2‐weighted sequences. Although a very high T2 signal in non‐cystic lesions is highly specific for the diagnostic of haemangioma, the use of gadolinium‐enhancement MRI is recommended. In patients with a history of neoplasia, the diagnosis of benign liver nodules should be made with caution. 相似文献
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The frequency of reversible and irreversible visual impairment was determined in children with severe and profound sensorineural deafness, as subnormal vision can adversely affect their educational and social development. Eighty three of 87 such children attending an audiology service were examined to assess the incidence and severity of visual impairment. Each child underwent a detailed ophthalmic assessment. The criteria for visual impairment were visual acuity < 6/9 Snellen or equivalent and/or abnormal binocular vision. Forty five had a normal ophthalmic examination (54.2%). Twenty nine had visual impairment (34.9%) and nine had ophthalmological abnormalities that did not interfere with vision (10.9%). A higher proportion of children with risk factors for visual pathology demonstrated visual impairment than those in whom there were no risk factors. None the less, 44% of visual impairment was among patients without risk factors. The results underline the need to examine all children with severe and profound sensorineural deafness soon after diagnosis and indicate that children with multiple handicaps have a greater likelihood of visual impairment (11 of 14 cases). 相似文献