眼前节内眼手术应用5％吡咯烷酮碘两种不同用法的前瞻性随机化比较研究

目的：确定5％吡咯烷酮碘采用两种不同的方法（结膜囊滴两滴和10ml溶液穹窿结膜冲洗）对降低结膜囊菌群的功效。方法：在这项前瞻性对照实验中。将行眼前节手术的200只眼随机分为对照组和研究组。两组病例术前均给予氧氟沙星滴眼液局部点眼和5％吡咯烷酮碘眶周区域皮肤擦洗消毒。术前对照组眼结膜囊内给予2滴5％吡咯烷酮碘溶液，研究组眼用5％吡咯烷酮碘溶液冲洗穹窿结膜。分别于术前和术后4个时间点行结膜细菌培养。结果：研究组78只眼中20只眼（26％）术前结膜细菌培养阳性：对照组94只眼中40只眼（43％）为阳性（P=0．02）。手术结束时。研究组78只眼中14只眼（18％）、对照组94只眼中30只眼（32％）结膜细菌培养阳性（PP=0．05）。结论：手术时应用5％吡咯烷酮碘溶液冲洗穹窿结膜与结膜囊仅点入两滴相比。前者显著降低了结膜细菌培养阳性率。     

Pulsed dye laser for Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Port wine stain of Sturge-Weber syndrome represents a cosmetic prejudice with social consequences. We have treated eight patients with a 585 nm pulsed dye laser. According to our experience, the treatment is not risky provided that adequate care is taken; the cosmetic result on the V1 port wine stain component is satisfactory.     

Impacts of breast-care techniques on prevention of possible postpartum nipple problems

An experimental study was designed to compare the effectiveness of three techniques on the prevention or reduction of nipple pain and cracked nipples during the first ten days postpartum. The methods were to apply warm compresses, to apply expressed breast milk or to give no treatment other than keeping the nipples dry and clean. Applying warm compresses or expressed breast milk was found to be less effective in preventing cracked nipples than simply keeping the nipples dry and clean. The number of cases with nipple pain was less in the group that applied expressed breast milk.     

MEFV mutations in multiplex families with familial Mediterranean fever: is a particular genotype necessary for amyloidosis?

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by recurrent febrile episodes in association with peritonitis, pleuritis, and arthritis. Progressive systemic amyloidosis is the most important complication of FMF that inevitably leads to chronic renal failure. Recently, the gene for FMF, MEFV, has been cloned and four missense mutations have been described: M694V, M680I, V726A, and M694I. Initial studies have suggested that the presence of the M694V mutation carries a significant risk for the development of amyloidosis. In this study, we present seven families, in which at least two individuals have been diagnosed with FMF and at least one with amyloidosis. Among 18 individuals, in whom molecular testing was performed for the four aforementioned mutations, ten had amyloidosis. None of these ten individuals was found to be homozygous for the M694V mutation. In three families, there were two sibs with amyloidosis. None of the sib-pairs with amyloidosis was found to have the same genotype. There were two or more sibs with the same genotype in four families. Only one sib from each family developed amyloidosis in these families. These results provide evidence that FMF patients without the M694V mutation are also at risk for the development of amyloidosis. Particular mutations themselves do not appear to be sufficient to explain the occurrence of amyloidosis in all cases with FMF.