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51.
Dalia Dawoud Aleda M.H. Chen Charlotte Verner Rossing Victoria Garcia-Cardenas Anandi V. Law Parisa Aslani Ian Bates Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar Shane Desselle 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2021,17(1):1903-1907
Across the globe, pharmacists on the frontline continue to fight COVID-19 and its continuously evolving physical, mental, and economic consequences armed by their knowledge, professionalism, and dedication. Their need for credible scientific evidence to inform their practice has never been more urgent. Despite the exponentially increasing number of publications since the start of the pandemic, questions remain unanswered, and more are created, than have been resolved by the increasing number of publications.A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward.Key priorities identified spanned a wide range of topics, reflecting the need for good quality research to inform practice and education. The panel insisted that a foundation in theory and use of rigorous methods should continue forming the basis of inquiry and its resultant papers, regardless of topic area. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time. 相似文献
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Miguel A. Reina André P. Boezaart R. Shane Tubbs Yury Zasimovich Manuel Fernández-Domínguez Paloma Fernández Xavier Sala-Blanch 《Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)》2020,33(2):199-206
The epineurium has been accepted as the outer anatomical barrier of the peripheral nerves. Our objective was to characterize the microanatomy of the layers surrounding nerves using different tissue-specific staining methods. Two hundred forty-two cross sections of human sciatic and median nerves, and brachial plexuses of eight fresh unembalmed cadavers, were examined. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde solution and stained with hematoxylin–eosin, Masson's trichrome, or epithelial membrane antigen under standard conditions. Because epithelial membrane antigen only stains the perineurium, we demonstrated using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome that there were different collagen layers inside and outside the nerves. All fascicles had a collagen layer that surrounded the perineurium and were in close contact with it, with no adipose tissue between them. Unlike the perineurium, this layer, an “internal epineurium,” contained no cells, and it surrounded one or a small group of fascicles. Bundling these fascicles or small groups of fascicles together was the true epineurium, and between the true and internal epineurium, we consistently found an adipose-containing compartment. More proximal to this, the tibial and common peroneal nerves were bundled together by another collagen layer, the circumneurium, which also had a fat-cell-containing compartment deep to it. There were scattered collagen fibers among the adipocytes. Using tissue-specific staining, we were able to demonstrate a collagen layer, the “internal epineurium.” Outside the nerves, we identified several fat-containing concentric compartments. Those compartments were limited by collagen fiber layers that were also similar to the epineurium. Clin. Anat. 33:199–206, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
55.
Robert M. Pohlman James L. Hinshaw Timothy J. Ziemlewicz Meghan G. Lubner Shane A. Wells Fred T. Lee Marci L. Alexander Kelly L. Wergin Tomy Varghese 《Ultrasound in medicine & biology》2021,47(8):2138-2156
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths; however, primary treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplant may not be viable for many patients. Minimally invasive image-guided microwave ablation (MWA) provides a locally effective treatment option for these patients with an impact comparable to that of surgery for both cancer-specific and overall survival. MWA efficacy is correlated with accurate image guidance; however, conventional modalities such as B-mode ultrasound and computed tomography have limitations. Alternatively, ultrasound elastography has been used to demarcate post-ablation zones, yet has limitations for pre-ablation visualization because of variability in strain contrast between cancer types. This study attempted to characterize both pre-ablation tumors and post-ablation zones using electrode displacement elastography (EDE) for 13 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastasis. Typically, MWA ablation margins of 0.5–1.0 cm are desired, which are strongly correlated with treatment efficacy. Our results revealed an average estimated ablation margin inner quartile range of 0.54–1.21 cm with a median value of 0.84 cm. These treatment margins lie within or above the targeted ablative margin, indicating the potential to use EDE for differentiating index tumors and ablated zones during clinical ablations. We also obtained a high correlation between corresponding segmented cross-sectional areas from contrast-enhanced computed tomography, the current clinical gold standard, when compared with EDE strain images, with r2 values of 0.97 and 0.98 for pre- and post-ablation regions. 相似文献
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Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a specific heart muscle disease found in individuals with a history of long-term heavy alcohol consumption. ACM is associated with a number of adverse histological, cellular, and structural changes within the myocardium. Several mechanisms are implicated in mediating the adverse effects of ethanol, including the generation of oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death, impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics/stress, derangements in fatty acid metabolism and transport, and accelerated protein catabolism. In this review, we discuss the evidence for such mechanisms and present the potential importance of drinking patterns, genetic susceptibility, nutritional factors, race, and sex. The purpose of this review is to provide a mechanistic paradigm for future research in the area of ACM. 相似文献
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JS Willey SA Lloyd GA Nelson TA Bateman 《Clinical reviews in bone and mineral metabolism》2011,9(1):54-62
Damage to normal, nontumor bone tissue following therapeutic irradiation increases the risk of fracture among cancer patients.
For example, women treated for various pelvic tumors have been shown to have a greater than 65% increased incidence of hip
fracture by 5 years postradiotherapy. Another practical situation in which exposure to ionizing radiation may negatively impact
skeletal integrity is during extended spaceflight missions. There is a limited understanding of how spaceflight-relevant doses
and types of radiation can influence astronaut bone health, particularly when combined with the significant effects of mechanical
unloading experienced in microgravity. Historically, negative effects on osteoblasts have been studied. Radiation exposure
has been shown to damage osteoblast precursors. Damage to local vasculature has been observed, ranging from decreased lumen
diameter to complete ablation within the irradiated volume, causing a state of hypoxia. These effects result in suppression
of bone formation and a general state of low bone turnover. More recently, however, we have demonstrated in preclinical mouse
models, a very rapid but transient increase in osteoclast activity after exposure to spaceflight and clinically relevant radiation
doses. Combined with long-term suppression of bone formation, this skeletal damage may cause long-term deficits. This review
will present a broad set of literature outlining our current set knowledge of both clinical therapy and space exploration
exposure to ionizing radiation. Additionally, we will discuss prevention of the initial osteoclast-mediated bone loss, the
need to promote normal bone turnover and long-term quality of bone tissue, and our hypothesized molecular mechanisms. 相似文献