银屑病与心血管疾病发病相关性

银屑病是一种病因不明的慢性、复发性、炎症性疾病,主要表现为皮肤损害。心血管疾病近年来逐渐位居全球疾病负担的首位,已经成为各国政府重点关注的公共卫生问题。银屑病高风险并发心血管疾病的病例显示,银屑病可能是诱发心血管疾病的危险因素之一。研究银屑病与心血管疾病发病相关性有利于进一步认识这两种复杂的慢性病,并为之提供更为多样的诊疗方式。本文从发病相关机制等方面对近年来银屑病与心血管疾病发病相关性进行简要综述。     

金属硫蛋白和肿瘤增殖抗原在肾癌组织中的表达及意义

目的　探讨金属硫蛋白 (MT)和肿瘤增殖抗原 (Ki 67)在肾癌组织中的表达及意义。　方法　应用免疫组化SABC法检测 5 9例肾癌患者组织标本及 19例正常肾组织标本中MT及Ki 67蛋白表达 ,流式细胞术检测DNA含量及S期比例。　结果　MT在肾癌及正常肾组织中的阳性表达率分别为 5 2 .5 %和 78.9% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;G1表达率高于G2 、G3(P <0 .0 1) ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有无淋巴结转移之间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,不同直径肿瘤之间差别无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。MT( )及MT( - )患者术后 5年生存率分别为 5 8.1%和 2 8.6% (P <0 .0 5 )。肾癌组织Ki 67指数高于正常肾组织 (P <0 .0 1) ,且与病理分级、临床分期相关 ;Ki 67指数较高者 ,MT表达率较低 ,MT表达率及Ki 67指数分别与S期比例显著相关。　结论　MT及Ki 67蛋白可能参与肾癌的发生、进展及转移过程 ,可作为肾癌细胞增殖及预后估计的参考指标。     

Differences in T cell subsets between men and women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, occurring predominantly in women. We studied by flow cytofluorimetry the T cell subsets in men and women with ITP and compared them with healthy sex-matched volunteers. In healthy controls, women were found to have higher proportions of T helper/inducer (Th/i) and lower T suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) lymphocytes and consequently higher Th/i:Ts/c ratios than men. Accordingly, in clinical surveys, patients and controls should be matched for sex for proper comparisons. In patients with ITP in its active phase, an imbalance in T cell subsets was found in both sexes. The perturbation was more severe in women who had a marked decrease in number and proportion of Th/i lymphocytes and an increase in the proportion of Ts/c lymphocytes, whereas in men only, the proportion of Th/i lymphocytes was decreased. When patients with active disease were compared to those with ITP in remission, the decrease in Th/i subsets still persisted in both sexes but the Ts/c subset in women had returned to normal proportions. Therefore, the immune imbalance in ITP is more marked in women than men; imbalances in both Th/i and Ts/c are present in women while Ts/c appears not to be involved in men.     

Full-length but not truncated CD34 inhibits hematopoietic cell differentiation of M1 cells

CD34 is expressed on human and murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and its clinical usefulness for isolation of stem/progenitor cells has been well established. Although expression of CD34 is regulated in a developmental stage-specific manner, the function of CD34 is not known. Recently we have shown that both a full-length and truncated form of CD34 protein is expressed by hematopoietic cells (Blood 84:691, 1994). To test whether failure to suppress either form of CD34 could affect terminal myeloid differentiation, we constitutively expressed these CD34 proteins in murine M1 myeloid leukemia cells, which can be terminally differentiated to macrophages by treatment with interleukin-6 of leukemia inhibitory factor. Surprisingly our results show that forced expression of the full-length but not the truncated form of CD34 impedes terminal differentiation by these agents. Because the difference between the two forms of CD34 protein resides in the length of their respective cytoplasmic tail domains, our findings strongly suggest that the cytoplasmic domain region of full-length CD34 is responsible for the observed maturation arrest phenotype. These findings suggest a potential negative regulatory role for full-length CD34 in hematopoietic cell differentiation and may explain, at least in part, the block in maturation observed in CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia.     

Type 2 diabetes in adult Nigerians: a study of its prevalence and risk factors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes and to determine potential associated risk factors of the disease in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred and two (502) subjects aged above 40 years, obtained by a two-stage cluster sampling technique participated in this survey. Casual (random) plasma glucose estimations were done for all subjects after relevant personal data were obtained. Subjects with casual plasma glucose (CPG) > or =7.0 mmol/l had oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) done. Fasting and 2 h post glucose load blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose levels. RESULTS: Thirty-four (34) subjects had diabetes, giving a crude prevalence rate of 6.8% (CI=4.6-9.0%), and standardized rate of 7.9%. The crude prevalence rates were 7.7 and 5.7% for males and females, respectively. Of the 34 diabetic subjects seen, 14 (41.2%) of them were not previously known to have diabetes; 83.7% of these were asymptomatic. Body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg/m2 and WHR > or = 0.85, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy consumption of alcohol, older age as well as high social status and Hausa-Fulani or Ibibio origin were associated with significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Port Harcourt is relatively high. Changing lifestyle associated with industrialization may explain this. A significant proportion of the diabetic subjects are asymptomatic and undiagnosed. The risk factors as shown in our study clearly emphasize the point that type 2 diabetes is to a large extent a preventable disease.     

老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与糖尿病关系的流行病学调查

目的调查老年人睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的关系。方法对3286例老年人,采用家访式问卷调查,其中男1824人,女1462人,年龄60~92岁,平均(69±8)岁。随机抽样628人进行多导睡眠仪检查。结果3286例老年人群中SAS患者为959人(29.2%);糖尿病105例(3.2%),其中SAS组84例(8.8%),无SAS组为21例(0.9%),2组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。Logistic多元回归分析SAS是T2DM的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。结论本调查资料提示,老年人SAS患病率为29.2%。SAS组T2DM的发生率显著高于无SAS组,两者呈显著正相关关系。     

鼻内窥镜下筛窦切除术治疗视神经炎4例报告

目的：评价鼻内窥镜下筛窦切除术治疗视神经炎的疗效。方法：对４例视神经炎患者行鼻内窥镜下筛窦切除术。结果：显效２例,有效２例。鼻塞,眼胀,头痛症状缓解。结论：对合并有筛窦炎的视神经炎患者,在保守治疗无效或治疗后有反复时,及时行鼻内窥镜下筛窦切除术有效率高,且安全、可靠。     

无创性动态阴茎海绵体测压诊断阴茎勃起功能障碍

目的　探讨应用无创性动态阴茎海绵体测压 (VISER)在勃起功能障碍 (ED)诊断中的价值。　方法　对 5 3例ED患者的PGE1阴茎海绵体内注射试验、VISER及彩色双功能超声检查结果进行对比分析。　结果　PorstⅢ级者 4 3例 ,平均海绵体压力和压力指数分别为 14 4 .2 9mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa)和 1.2 4。 4 2例血管功能正常 ,1例为静脉性ED ;PorstⅡ级者 10例 ,平均海绵体压力和压力指数为 87.76mmHg和 0 .81,两组间比较差别有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;PorstⅡ级者中动脉性ED2例 ,静脉性ED8例 ,两组间海绵体压力比较差别有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　VIS ER是一种有效的无创性诊断ED的方法 ,对动脉性及静脉性ED的鉴别亦有一定价值。