Atypical etiology of rhinorrhea: spontaneous bilateral temporal encephalocele

Spontaneous herniation of brain parenchyma through a dural and osseous defect in the temporal bone is a rare entity and a bilateral form is even more infrequent. It usually presents as an intermittent but persistent otorrhea. Manifestation as nose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is very uncommon. Our objective is presenting this unusual case report of a spontaneous bilateral encephalocele with a bilateral tegmen tympani defect.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast: a case report

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast is an extremely rare tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all breast tumors and only 24 cases have been reported in the English medical journals. It is quite difficult to diagnose leiomyosarcoma preoperatively. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is very important in planning treatment. When preoperative diagnosis can be achieved before or during the operation, wide resection should be performed. There is no need for axillary lymph node dissection. In this case report, we present a case involving primary leiomysarcoma of the breast in a 48-year-old woman and we discuss optimal treatment options.     

Influence of timing of coronal preparation on retention of two types of post cores

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of coronal preparation on retention of cemented cast (Cr-Ni) and IPS post core systems. METHODS: Cr-Ni and IPS post and cores were placed in 48 extracted single rooted human teeth with two different cements (dual-cure resin and glass-ionomer cement) and randomly divided into four groups of 12 specimens each. twelve of each post-core system were cemented with dual-cure cement and the other 12 of each system were cemented with glass-ionomer cement. Twelve specimens of each post core system were subjected to an axially directed removal force using a universal testing machine. Four groups of 12 specimens were divided into subgroups and subjected to preparation of their cores at 15 minutes and 24 hours after cementation. The specimens were tested at 24 hours having been stored in water at 37 degrees C for the waiting period. The forces required for dislodgement of the posts from their prepared spaces were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. RESULTS: Retention generally increased with time following cementation for both groups. The specimens cemented with glass-ionomer cement revealed less retention compared with specimens cemented with resin cement. Preparation of cemented post cores using a high speed handpiece had a significantly negative effect on retention when carried out 15 minutes and 24 hours after cementation.     

Rapidly Progressing Malignant Insulinoma Presented with Multiple Liver Metastases: A Case Report

Introduction

A 51-year-old female was admitted to emergency unit with sudden loss of consciousness. Her blood glucose level from fingertip was 33 mg/dl, and insulin level was 55 (normal range, 4–17 IU). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed pancreatic mass with diffuse liver metastases. Biopsy of liver metastases showed differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Methods and Results

Diazoxide and chemotherapy stabilized her glucose level for more than 4 months. However, the disease showed progression, and death occurred 8 months later.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this case may suggest that biologic behavior may differ from histological behavior in insulinoma and platin-based systemic chemotherapy may provide some benefit in patients those who had diazoxide- and octreotide-resistant tumors.     

Interaction between Smad1 and p97/VCP in rat testis and epididymis during the postnatal development

Members of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) superfamily are expressed in the testis and epididymis and are believed to have different biological functions during testicular and epididymal development. Smad1 is one of the signal transducers of BMP signaling and binds to several proteins involved in ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Valosin-containing protein (p97/VCP) is required for the degradation of some UPS substrates. Although p97/VCP has been indicated in different cellular pathways, its association with BMP signaling in male reproductive system has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular localization of Smad1, phospho-Smad1, and p97/VCP and the interaction of proteins in the postnatal rat testis and epididymis. Testicular and epididymal tissues from 5-, 15- and 60-day-old rats were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation techniques. In 5-day-old rat testis, Smad1, phospho-Smad1, and p97/VCP were mainly expressed in gonocytes. In 15- and 60-day-old rat testis, proteins were overlapped in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and spermatocytes. Expression of proteins in the epithelial cells of epididymis was gradually increased from 5 to 15 days of age. Smad1 and phospho-Smad1 expressions showed uniformity in the different regions of epididymis, however p97/VCP immunoreactivity was higher only in caput epididymis compared to corpus and cauda epididymis in 15- and 60-day-old rat epididymis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further confirmed the Smad1-p97/VCP and p-Smad1-p97/VCP interactions. The overlap between Smad1 and p97/VCP expressions in the postnatal rat testis and epididymis suggests that p97/VCP may play important roles in mediating BMP signaling during spermatogenesis.     

Alterations in location of the mucogingival junction 5 years after coronally repositioned flap surgery

BACKGROUND: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate whether the mucogingival junction (MGJ) reverts back towards its original location following coronally repositioned flap (CRF) procedure over a 5-year follow-up period. METHODS: Thirteen systemically healthy patients with 26 Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions were treated using the CRF technique. At baseline, and 1, 6, 12, and 60 months after surgery, location of gingival margin (LGM), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized gingiua (WKG), and location of mucogingival junction (LMGJ) were recorded. The alterations in the clinical measurements at the different evaluation times were analyzed using the Friedman and the repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, where applicable. Degree of association between continuous variables was calculated by the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean percentage of root coverage obtained at the end of 1 month was 68.26% +/- 30.37% (P<0.05) and at 60 months, it was reduced to 44.86% +/- 33.91% (P<0.01). LGM (r=0.592, P<0.001), CAL (r=0.590, P<0.01), WKG (r=0.442, P<0.05), and LMGJ (r=0.653, P<0.001) were found to be significantly correlated with the 60-month postoperative values of LMGJ. At the end of the 60-month follow-up period, the mean apical displacement of LGM was 0.67 +/- 0.72 mm and the same mean apical displacement value for LMGJ was 0.98 +/- 1.19 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, the 60-month follow-up findings indicated that the CRF procedure failed to maintain the gingival tissue in a coronal position and that the observed movement of the MGJ back to its original position was partially dependent on the apical movement of gingival margin.