A Bayesian approach to aid in formulary decision making: incorporating institution-specific cost-effectiveness data with clinical trial results.

Pharmacy and therapeutics committees commonly cite a lack of generalizability as a reason for not incorporating cost-effectiveness information into decision making. To address this concern, many committees undertake site-specific economic evaluations, which are often limited by small sample sizes and nonrandomized designs. We show how 2 complementary approaches were used to minimize these limitations in an economic evaluation of abciximab at 1 institution. Using a propensity score methodology, we selected patients who did not receive abciximab for the comparison cohort. Then, we adopted a Bayesian, hierarchical, random-effects model to integrate site-specific and clinical trial data. We applied the posterior distributions of effectiveness with local cost data in a traditional decision-analytic model. In 74% of the simulations, abciximab was cost-effective at 1 institution at the $50,000 per life year saved threshold, assuming a 50:50 split of patients undergoing coronary stenting and angioplasty. Among patients undergoing coronary stenting, the cost-effectiveness ratio of the addition of abciximab was at or below the $50,000 per life year saved threshold in 66.0% of the simulations.     

脉络膜黑色素瘤脱色素处理后Caspase-3的免疫组化研究

目的 观察凋亡基因Caspase-3在脉络膜黑色素瘤(choroidal melanoma)中的表达及分型与细胞凋亡的关系。方法 收集20例脉络膜黑色素瘤标本，对其进行Caspase-3免疫组织化学染色，观察表达情况及染色强度。结果 Caspase-3在脉络膜黑色素瘤有较好的表达，在梭形细胞型中5例／6例呈阳性表达，在混合型中6例／8例呈阳性表达，在上皮样瘤细胞型中3例／4例呈阳性表达，在坏死型中1例／2例呈阳性表达，且在各型之间没有显著性差异(P＞0．05)。结论 凋亡在脉络膜黑色素瘤中存在；Caspase-3在脉络膜黑色素瘤的发生发展中起重要作用。     

茶水中锌含量分析方法研究

目的:建立测定茶水中锌含量的方法。方法:采用锌试剂吸光光度法测定茶水中锌含量。结果:在一定条件下,锌含量在0~80μg/25 ml范围内遵守朗伯比耳定律,方法的精密度(RSD)在1.38%~3.27%之间,回收率在94%~107%之内,检测限为5.2μg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.2×104L/mol.cm。结论:本方法经用于茶水样品分析,结果符合要求。     

Hb F-Xin-Su or A gamma I73(E17)Asp----His: a new slow-moving fetal hemoglobin variant

A slow-moving gamma chain variant was discovered in the cord blood of an infant born to parents of the Han nationality from Jiangsu. The variant, which migrated electrophoretically at alkaline pH between Hb A and Hb D, was characterized by an Asp----His substitution at gamma 73, while residues gamma 75 and gamma 136 were occupied by Ile and Ala, respectively. As the A gamma T-chain was also present, this baby has two types of abnormal gamma-chain. The variant was named Hb F-Xin-Su.     

小学生吸烟行为健康教育干预实验

本文报告了自１９９１年以来在四川省什邡县所进行的小学生吸烟行为健康教育干预实验。结果显示，实验达到了预期目的。根据基线调查资料对对象儿童吸烟行为影响因素所作的分析以及在此基础上所采取的干预策略是正确的，干预方法是有效的。从而证明了在一个成人吸烟占主流的社会环境中通过健康教育劝阻儿童吸烟尽管是很困难的，但却是完全有成功把握的。     

大鼠马桑内酯急性局灶型癫痫大脑运动皮质的形态计量研究

用微量马桑内酯注入Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠左侧前肢运动皮质，造成急性局灶型癫痫。用光镜、电镜和体视学方法研究其运动皮质第Ｖ层结构的改变。结果显示：癫痫大鼠运动皮质灶区、灶旁区的神经细胞数和胶质细胞数均分别比对照大鼠灶区和灶旁区显著减少；灶区神经毡中突触性终末数，显著减少；突触性终末的面积分数明显减少，而树突的面积分数无变化；神经胶质突起的面积分数增加。     

一氧化氮在氯胺酮麻醉机制中的作用

目的：了解一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与氯胺酮麻醉作用间的关系。方法：６０只雄性昆明鼠分成４组，Ⅰ组氯胺酮１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔内注射，Ⅱ组连续３天腹腔内注射Ｎ－硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，腹腔内注射氯胺酮１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ⅲ组连续３天腹腔内注射左旋精氨酸３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，腹腔内注射氯胺酮１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ⅳ组腹腔内注射氯胺酮１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，腹腔１小时内持续给予Ｓ－亚硝酰－Ｎ－乙酰青霉胺（ＳＮＡＰ）３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。观察各组动物翻正反射丧失和抑制持续时间。结果：各组翻正反射丧失时间无明显差异，为１．３９～２．３０分钟。翻正反射丧失持续时间Ⅰ组４７．７１±５．１７分，Ⅱ组４７．８４±７．９９分，Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组明显比Ⅰ、Ⅱ组短，分别为３１．１４±２．４４和３２．７５±８．１４分（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：改变ＮＯ的生成量将影响着氯胺酮引起的小鼠翻正反射抑制的持续时间，ＮＯ在氯胺酮麻醉分子机制中起作用。