Dopamine and saralasin antagonism of renal vasoconstriction and oliguria caused by amphotericin B in dogs

Amphotericin B (2.5 mg/kg, administered intravenously) increased vascular resistance (renal more than pulmonary more than systemic) and decreased glomerular filtration and urine flow 94% in 16 anesthetized female mongrel dogs. Dopamine decreased renal vascular resistance 31% in 14 dogs; when amphotericin B was given with dopamine, there was partial antagonism of amphotericin B-induced renal vasoconstriction. Saralasin partially antagonized amphotericin B-induced renal vasoconstriction in seven dogs. When amphotericin B was given during combined infusion of dopamine and saralasin in eight dogs, renal blood flow remained at initial control levels, urine flow increased above initial levels, and glomerular filtration decreased only 21% from initial values. Amphotericin B increased renal vascular resistance 296% when given alone but only 41% in dogs during injection of both dopamine and saralasin (P = 0.002). The antagonism of amphotericin B-induced renal effects by the combination of dopamine and saralasin was significant and specific for the renal vascular bed.     

Examining a premise underlying self-instructional techniques

Twenty learning-disabled (LD) children were administered the Matching Familiar Figures Test before they played alone in a room while their behavior and private speech were videotaped. Tapes were transcribed and coded according to activity level and the types and amounts of private speech used during play. Children used more Fantasy/Role-Playing speech than Regulatory or Affective speech. The speech of 10 of the children who had been diagnosed hyperactive was generally similar to that of the nonhyperactive children, although high activity level during play was accompanied by more private speech. Reflective children used Fantasy/Role-Playing speech more than did impulsive children. The premise that highly active or impulsive LD children show differences in their use of private speech as compared to less active and more reflective children, and that they thus could profit from techniques that try to modify self-directed speech, was supported.The authors wish to thank Barbara Alexander Pan and Karen Kudenchak-Kugel for their assistance in this project, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. A version of this paper was presented at the 1981 meeting of the American Psychological Association.     

Aderhautentzündungen bei Multipler Sklerose und die sogenannte Uveoencephalomeningitis

Zusammenfassung 1. Wir fanden bei 33 von 60 floriden Aderhautentzündungen eine Mitbeteiligung der Meningen oder einen anderweitigen pathologischen neurologischen Befund. Bei Aderhautentzündungen mit Liquorpleocytose ist als Ursache in erster Linie ein Morbus Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann zu erwägen. In keinem Falle konnte eine Lues gefunden werden.2. Bei MS-Patienten fand sich eine Aderhautentzündung in 5,6%, bei einem unausgelesenen neurologischen Krankengut als Vergleichsgruppe in 1,6%. Soweit der Zeitpunkt der Augenentzündung zu bestimmen war, traf er in rund einem Drittel der Fälle mit einer akuten Krankheitsphase der Multiplen Sklerose zusammen. Wir schließen daraus, daß beide Erkrankungen in pathogenetischer Beziehung zueinander stehen. Diese Frage wird in der Diskussion geprüft.Mit 1 TextabbildungVortrag, gehalten auf der Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie am 3. 9. 1964 in Düsseldorf.     

A Comparative Study of Guanine N7-Alkylation in Mice in Vivo by the Organophosphorus Insecticides Trichlorphon,Dimethoate, Phosmet and Bromophos

Abstract: Following intraperitoneal administration to male mice (strain AB Jena/Halle) of ¹⁴C-methyllabelled trichlorphon, dimethoate, phosmet and bromophos, 10–20 Ci/mol, in dosages of 0.06–0.55 mmol/kg, DNA from liver and kidneys was analyzed for ¹⁴C in N-7 methylguanine (7-MeG). The extents of methylation were in the range of 5–10 μmol 7-MeG/mol guanine for trichlorphon and dimethoate and of 0.2–0.4 for phosmet and bromophos, for high doses, respectively Excretion half-lives of 7-MeG were differing between trichlorphon (5 hrs, high dose, and 15–17 hrs, low dose) and dimethoate (23–160 hrs, high dose). The extents of methylation at 0–6 of guanine were estimated to be around 0.01 μmol 0–6 MeG/mol guanine for high doses of organophosphates of sufficient water solubility. Factors associated with the partition of organophosphates in mammalian systems are useful for estimating DNA attack by organophosphates in mammals in vivo.     

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus: sources of input influencing accommodation, pupilloconstriction, and choroidal blood flow.

This study used neuroanatomical techniques to investigate sources of afferents to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) of the pigeon. The EW contains the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that, by way of the oculomotor nerve, project to the ciliary ganglion (Narayanan and Narayanan, '76; Lyman and Mugnaini, '80). The ciliary ganglion, in turn, innervates the internal musculature of the eye; the ciliary body, the iris sphincter muscle, and the smooth muscle of choroidal blood vessels (Marwitt et al., '71; Pilar and Tuttle, '82). In the bird, the neurons in the ciliary ganglion that innervate the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary body receive input specifically from cells in the lateral EW (EWl), whereas those that innervate choroidal blood vessels receive input from cells in the medial EW (EWm) (Reiner et al., '83). Thus neurons in the EWl mediate pupilloconstriction and accommodation, whereas neurons in the EWm modulate choroidal blood flow. To study the afferents to EW, injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were placed in this nucleus. These injections resulted in labeled cells in the area pretectalis, a retinorecipient pretectal nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a retinorecipient hypothalamic nucleus. We have previously identified both these areas as being sources of afferents to EW (Gamlin et al., '82, '84). In addition, these HRP injections into EW resulted in labeled cells in the medial mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) lateral and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus and in a localized area of the rostral lateral mesencephalic reticular formation (LRF) dorsolateral to nucleus subpretectalis. Injections of tritiated amino acids into the MRF labeled the entire EW, while such injections into the LRF labeled only the lateral EW. Both of these projections were predominantly contralateral. This study has identified the sources of two previously undocumented inputs to the avian EW. Both sources of input, the MRF and rostral LRF, receive afferents from visuomotor areas of the telencephalon and visual structures in the midbrain. The MRF input to EW could have either direct or modulatory influences on pupil diameter, accommodation, and choroidal blood flow. The LRF input to EW could play a role in controlling accommodation and possibly the pupillary near response.     

Primary actinomycosis of an extremity: a case report and review

Primary infection of an extremity is an uncommon feature of actinomycosis and can readily be confused with actinomycetoma caused by aerobic actinomycetes such as Nocardia and Streptomyces. A case of primary actinomycosis of the leg is reported, and 35 cases published in the English-language literature are reviewed. There were 14 cases of upper extremity infections and 22 cases of lower extremity infections. Antecedent trauma had occurred in 21 cases. Lesions began in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone, and joint space. Spread to contiguous structures was characteristic, and most lesions eventually involved all of the aforementioned structures. The lesions were typical of actinomycosis with sinus formation and granules in the pus. Cultures were positive in 17 cases. Surgical therapy was necessary in most instances; penicillin remains the drug of choice. Pending results of culturing, a lesion with granules of branching gram-positive bacteria would best be treated empirically with penicillin and a sulfonamide. Prognosis is excellent.