血清降钙素原检测对肝硬化腹膜炎患者的临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化腹膜炎患者血清降钙素原(PCT)水平及其临床应用价值。方法对85例肝硬化腹水患者[伴自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)49例,非SBP 36例],采用免疫透射比浊法测定其血清中PCT的含量,并与正常对照组比较。结果SBP组及非SBP组患者血清PCT水平明显高于正常对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P均<0.01);SBP组血清PCT水平明显高于非SBP组,且差异也具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);30例治疗有效的SBP患者血清PCT水平明显下降,与其治疗前血清PCT水平比较,结果差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论检测血清降钙素原水平对于肝硬化腹膜炎的早期诊断及判断预后有一定临床价值。     

对脑卒中患者家庭照顾者护理指导的意义

目的探讨对脑卒中患者家庭照顾者实施护理指导对脑卒中患者日常生活活动能力及生活质量的影响。方法选择60例脑卒中出院患者随机分成观察组32例和对照组28例。指导组针对患者的康复训练和家居环境等问题,采用家庭访诊、电话随访等方法对脑卒中家庭照顾者进行为期1年的护理指导。用Barthel指数评价日常生活活动能力。用生存质量测评表(quality of living,QOL)评价患者的生存质量。结果指导组Barthel指数变化较明显(P<0.05),QOL也有一定程度提高。结论对脑卒中家庭照顾者实施护理指导,能够改善患者的日常生活活动能力和生活质量。     

急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子-α水平

目的 检测急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并探讨其在脑膜炎症发生过程中的作用.方法 收集21例急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿和16例健康儿童外周血清和脑脊液标本,采用双抗体夹心酶免疫吸附法(ELISA)分析TNF-α水平.TNF-α与外周血WBC、颅内压、脑脊液中蛋白浓度、葡萄糖和氯化物等关系进行相关性分析.结果 急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中TNF-α水平比健康儿童明显升高(P＜0.05).TNF-α水平与外周血WBC、颅内压、脑脊液中蛋白浓度、葡萄糖和氯化物等无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 TNF-α在急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中明显升高,它可能直接参与了细菌感染脑膜炎症反应过程.     

肝脏耐受性树突状细胞与肝移植免疫研究进展

树突状细胞是调节机体免疫的关键细胞,其中具有免疫抑制功能的耐受性树突状细胞(Tol-DC)在诱导和维持免疫耐受中发挥着重要作用。近年来发现的具有呈递抗原水平低下、抑制T细胞活化与增殖的一类肝脏Tol-DC成为减轻肝移植排斥反应的研究热点。目前已有多种策略用以诱导表型稳定的Tol-DC,为其临床应用奠定了基础。本文总结了...     

世界卫生组织耐药结核病治疗整合指南(2020年版)解读

1993年结核病被世界卫生组织宣布为"全球公共卫生紧急事件"。在复杂和严峻的大背景下,世界卫生组织发布了耐药结核病治疗整合指南(2020年版),相信有助于加速推动终止结核病策略的进程,扭转当前耐药结核病防治的被动局面。本文分别从异烟肼耐药结核病、含贝达喹啉全口服短程方案治疗耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)和利福平耐药结核病...     

Development and Characterizations of Pullulan and Maltodextrin-Based Oral Fast-Dissolving Films Employing a Box–Behnken Experimental Design

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by severe headaches, visual aversions, auditory, and olfactory disorders, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Zolmitriptan (ZMT^®) is a potent 5HT1B/1D serotonin receptor agonist frequently used for the treatment of migraine. It has erratic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), but its oral bioavailability is low (40–45%) due to the hepatic metabolism. This makes it an ideal candidate for oral fast dissolving formulations. Hence, the current study was undertaken to design and develop oral fast-dissolving films (OFDFs) containing ZMT for migraine treatment. The OFDFs were formulated by the solvent casting method (SCM) using Pullulan (PU) and maltodextrin (MDX) as film-forming agents and propylene glycol (PG) as a plasticizer. The strategy was designed using Box–Behnken experimental design considering the proportion of PU:MDX and percentage of PG as independent variables. The effectiveness of the OFDF’s was measured based on the following responses: drug release at five min, disintegration time (D-time), and tensile strength (TS). The influence of formulation factors, including percent elongation (%E), thickness, water content, moisture absorption, and folding endurance on ZMT-OFDFs, were also studied. The results showed a successful fabrication of stable ZMT-OFDFs, with surface uniformity and amorphous shape of ZMT in fabricated films. The optimized formulation showed a remarkable rapid dissolution, over 90% within the first 5 min, a fast D-time of 18 s, and excellent mechanical characteristics. Improved maximum plasma concentration (C max) and area under the curve (AUC 0–t) in animals (rats) treated with ZMT-OFDFs compared to those treated with an intra-gastric (i-g) suspension of ZMT were also observed. Copolymer OFDFs with ZMT is an exciting proposition with great potential for the treatment of migraine headache. This study offers a promising strategy for developing ZMT-OFDFs using SCM. ZMT-OFDFs showed remarkable rapid dissolution and fast D-time, which might endeavor ZMT-OFDFs as an auspicious alternative approach to improve patient compliance and shorten the onset time of ZMT in migraine treatment.     

Magnetic Properties and Washability of Roasted Suspended Siderite Ores

Steel is one of the most important industrial materials, which mainly comes from the smelting of iron ore. In view of the huge steel consumption every year, the exploitation of vast reserves of siderite ores is significant for improving the self-sufficiency rate of iron ore resources and ensuring the strategic security of the iron and steel industries. This paper investigated the influence of temperature, time, and other parameters on the magnetic properties of roasted siderite ores using the method of suspended roasting and analyzed the washability of roasted ores under weak-magnetic-field conditions using the magnetic separation tube experiment. The findings of the study explained the iron phase transformation process, i.e., FeCO₃ was transformed into Fe₃O₄ by suspension magnetization roasting. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization of the roasted ore increased in due time at a constant temperature range of 550–750 °C and a roasting time of less than 5 s. It also increased with increasing temperature and constant time. The roasted ore achieved the best magnetic characteristics after roasting at 750 °C for 5 s. After low-intensity magnetic separation, the iron grade of the concentrate changed to 55.12%, with a recovery rate of 90.34%. The study results provide a reference for the development and application of siderite suspension magnetization roasting technology.     

血液净化在老年重症急性胰腺炎患者中的应用

<正>随着生活水平及诊断水平提高,近20年来急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)在我国的发病率越来越高。其中,约有20%的AP患者会进展为重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP),病死率高达35%^[1]。随着我国步入老龄化社会,     

Circular RNAs: new biomarkers of chemoresistance in cancer

Chemotherapeutics are validated conventional treatments for patients with advanced cancer. However, with continual application of chemotherapeutics, chemoresistance, which is often predictive of poor prognosis, has gradually become a concern in recent years. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a closed-loop structure, have been reported to be notable targets and markers for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases, particularly cancer. Although dozens of studies have shown that circRNAs play major roles in drug-resistance activity in tumors, the mechanisms by which circRNAs affect chemoresistance have yet to be explored. In this review, we describe the detailed mechanisms of circRNAs and chemotherapeutics in various cancers and summarize potential therapeutic targets for drug-resistant tumors.