重庆三甲医院医务人员健康教育专业知识掌握及运用情况调查

目的:了解在渝三级甲等医院医务人对健康教育专业知识的掌握及其在具体工作中的实际应用情况,探索影响健康教育开展的因素。方法:采用先整群后随机的多级抽样方法,用自编问卷对337名医务人员进行调查分析。结果:337名医务人员对健康教育专业知识平均知晓率为76.1%;医务人员中62.6%的人认为健康教育有很大作用,89.6%的人愿意接受专门培训,45.4%的人表示在医护工作中经常进行病患健康教育,49.6%的人经常干预病人不良行为。结论:不同学历、职业、职称的医务人员对大部分健康教育专业知识的知晓率无显著差异;他们对健康教育态度较积极,但实际运用不够,仍有必要经常对医务人员进行健康教育专业知识培训。     

Comparison of total hip arthroplasty with minimally invasive SuperPath approach vs. conventional posterolateral approach in elderly patients: A one-year follow-up randomized controlled research

ObjectiveTo compare difference between SuperPath approach and conventional posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients.MethodsThe present prospective randomized controlled single blinded study enrolled a total of 96 elderly patients who received THA in our hospital during April 2015 to December 2018. All patients were randomly divided into the SuperPath group and the conventional group. General demographic characteristics and intraoperative data, as well as hospitalization time were recorded. Harris scores were used for measurement of hip function and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain measurement. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) were measured before and 24 h after surgery. Gait analysis was conducted by the method of footprints.ResultsThe mean surgical time was remarkably longer, the mean blood loss and incision length were significantly lower and the hospitalization time was also shorter in the SuperPath group compared with the conventional group. Both levels of CRP and CK were remarkably lower in the SuperPath group. At time points of 7 d and 1 mon after surgery, the VAS scores were significantly lower, and at 7 d, 1 mon and 3 mon the Harris scores were markedly higher in the SuperPath group compared with the conventional group. The step length and stride speed were significantly larger in the SuperPath group at 7 d and 1 mon after surgery than the conventional group. Joint dislocation was found in 2 cases of patients in the conventional group and no dislocation case was found in the SuperPath group. The angles of anteversion showed no significant difference, while the angles of abduction were significantly lower in the SuperPath group.ConclusionPatients with SuperPath approach had lower levels of CRP, ESR and CK, better hip function and less pain, as well as better gait condition than patients with conventional posterolateral approach in elderly patients.     

矽肺大鼠肺组织let-7d-3p和miRNA-21-5P差异表达及其初步分析

目的探索let-7d-3p和miRNA-21-5p在二氧化硅(SiO_2)诱导的大鼠纤维化肺组织中的差异表达及其意义。方法 SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,每组30只,采用一次性气管内灌注1 ml SiO_2悬浊液建立大鼠矽肺模型,对照组大鼠相同方法灌注1ml灭菌生理盐水。分别于染尘后1、7、14、21、28 d采集各组大鼠肺组织,每组取6只,对3只大鼠肺组织进行病理学观察,另外3只采用miRNA微阵列芯片技术筛选肺组织中差异表达的miRNA,通过miRNA芯片筛选结合反转录定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)验证let-7d-3p和miRNA-21-5p在两组间的表达水平,对let-7d-3p和miRNA-21-5p进行靶基因预测并进行GO(gene ontology)富集分析和KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路分析。结果对照组大鼠1、7、14和21 d Masson染色均可见正常肺组织,未发现胶原纤维,28 d大鼠肺间质和支气管周围仅有少量纤细的胶原分布;模型组大鼠1 d和7 d未发现胶原纤维,14 d染色可见较多以淋巴细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润,未见明显纤维组织,21 d和28 d模型组大鼠肺间质内可见大片状密集的胶原纤维沉积,在肉芽组织、支气管及血管壁周围胶原蛋白增生明显。模型组中let-7d-3p的表达水平均显著下调,miRNA-21-5p表达水平均显著上调,与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论模型组中let-7d-3p和miRNA-21-5p表达变化明显,可能与早期矽肺的发生发展有关。     

The TNF-derived TIP peptide activates the epithelial sodium channel and ameliorates experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis

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全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸对秀丽隐杆线虫的生殖毒性

目的：探讨全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）对秀丽隐杆线虫的生殖毒性，寻找评价PFOS和PFOA生殖毒性的替代模型。方法：PFOS和PFOA分别设高、中、低3个染毒剂量（0.1、0.01、0.001 mmol/L）组和空白对照组，同步化后L4期幼虫在24孔板里染毒24 h，L1期幼虫染毒48 h，测定后代数目和世代时间。结果：L4期幼虫染毒24 h后，与对照组比较，PFOS高、中剂量组后代数目差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），PFOA的3个剂量组后代数目差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；PFOS和PFOA各剂量组世代时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。L1期幼虫染毒48 h后，与对照组比较，PFOS和PFOA高、中剂量组后代数目差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；PFOS 3个剂量组的世代时间差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论：后代数目是PFOS和PFOA生殖毒性的敏感指标，L1期幼虫的世代时间对PFOS暴露比L4期幼虫更敏感，但PFOA不影响线虫的世代时间。线虫可能成为评价PFOS和PFOA生殖毒性的替代模型。     

从组团式援藏看西藏医用辐射防护监测工作的希望之光

目的 了解西藏医用辐射防护现状。保障西藏医疗卫生机构医用辐射工作人员、患者、群众的身体健康与安全。方法 通过多年医用辐射防护监测工作的资料累积，以部分地市为例，分析具有西藏特色的发展历程。依据西藏医用辐射监测的特点，结合组团式援藏帮扶西藏医用辐射监测工作实际经验，分析影响西藏放射工作人员、公众健康与安全的因素并提供相应的应对策略。结果 西藏医用辐射监测工作基础薄弱，在实际医疗卫生机构开展放射诊疗过程中缺乏日常监测以及监督管理等，存在较大的安全隐患。结论 必须坚持在医疗卫生机构建设、验收、运行等各个环节加强监督管理，并在组团式援藏工作模式下，建立西藏本地医用辐射监测队伍，提高西藏医用辐射监测水平，才能切实消除隐患，保证医疗卫生机构长期安全稳定的运行。     

Melatonin attenuates postmyocardial infarction injury via increasing Tom70 expression

Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, exacerbating injury in myocardial infarction (MI). As a receptor for translocases in the outer mitochondrial membrane (Tom) complex, Tom70 has an unknown function in MI, including melatonin‐induced protection against MI injury. We delivered specific small interfering RNAs against Tom70 or lentivirus vectors carrying Tom70a sequences into the left ventricles of mice or to cultured neonatal murine ventricular myocytes (NMVMs). At 48 h post‐transfection, the left anterior descending coronary arteries of mice were permanently ligated, while the NMVMs underwent continuous hypoxia. At 24 h after ischemia/hypoxia, oxidative stress was assessed by dihydroethidium and lucigenin‐enhanced luminescence, mitochondrial damage by transmission electron microscopy and ATP content, and cell apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling and caspase‐3 assay. At 4 weeks after ischemia, cardiac function and fibrosis were evaluated in mice by echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Ischemic/hypoxic insult reduced Tom70 expression in cardiomyocytes. Tom70 downregulation aggravated post‐MI injury, with increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ROS overload. In contrast, Tom70 upregulation alleviated post‐MI injury, with improved mitochondrial integrity and decreased ROS production. PGC‐1α/Tom70 expression in ischemic myocardium was increased with melatonin alone, but not when combined with luzindole. Melatonin attenuated post‐MI injury in control but not in Tom70‐deficient mice. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed the adverse effects of Tom70 deficiency in mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, but at a much higher concentration than melatonin. Our findings showed that Tom70 is essential for melatonin‐induced protection against post‐MI injury, by breaking the cycle of mitochondrial impairment and ROS generation.