Differential expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and apoptosis-related proteins in endocervical lesions

The development of neoplasia is associated with abnormalities of cell cycle control and apoptosis. In this study, a panel of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and apoptosis-related proteins (p16, p21, p53, Bcl2 and hsp27) was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 91 glandular cervical lesions. A significant increase in p21 and p53 expression occurred from normal cervix (n=11) through endometriosis/tubo-endometrioid metaplasia (TEM) (n=19) and cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN)/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (n=33) to invasive adenocarcinoma (n=28). p16 showed diffuse strong expression in CGIN/AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma compared with focal expression in some TEM/endometriosis lesions and no expression in normal cervix. Bcl2 was highly expressed in TEM/endometriosis compared with CGIN/AIS and adenocarcinoma. p16 immunostaining discriminated accurately between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cervical lesions, provided that diffuse strong positivity was present. Similarly, diffuse expression of Bcl2 distinguished endometriosis/TEM from CGIN/AIS. These data demonstrate that analysis of CDKIs and apoptosis-related proteins provides useful information in the diagnostic assessment of glandular lesions of the cervix.     

Solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: CT criteria

The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 30 patients with solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were reviewed. Common features at CT included the peripheral or subpleural location of a pulmonary mass (25 cases), pseudocavitation (18 cases), heterogeneous attenuation (17 cases), irregular margins forming a star pattern (22 cases), and pleural tags (21 cases). Using these CT criteria, four independent observers attempted to identify cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from a larger sample of lung cancers and benign lesions by categorizing a series of test cases into four probability categories. Although the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were correctly ranked in the two highest probability categories 75% of the time (in 45 of 60 cases), there was considerable overlap with other lung lesions, particularly with adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. However, even though the typical features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma are not invariable or highly specific, they are characteristic enough to suggest the diagnosis.     

安宫牛黄丸中小檗碱的HPLC法测定

本文报道用HPLC法测定黄连及含黄连中成药安宫牛黄丸中小檗碱型生物碱。实验结果表明选用硅胶柱为固定相,以醋酸乙酯—甲酸—乙醇(15:3:2)为流动相,能使样品中四种小檗碱型的生物碱获得最佳分离。用此法测得不同厂家生产的安宫牛黄丸中盐酸小檗碱的含量为0.331～0.456%,平均回收率为97.23%,变异系数为1.2%。     

Obstetric and nonmalignant gynecologic bleeding: treatment with angiographic embolization

Eight patients (seven post partum, one post abortion) with massive pelvic hemorrhage related to pregnancy and one patient with uncontrollable bleeding following a cervical biopsy underwent angiography to facilitate the identification and treatment of bleeding sites. In all nine patients pelvic hemorrhage was successfully controlled with embolization under angiographic guidance. Angiographic embolization allowed preservation of the uterus in six patients referred prior to hysterectomy, and one patient subsequently became pregnant. When conservative measures and minor surgical repairs have failed, embolization should be the next step in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage to avoid major surgery in an unstable patient and to maintain reproductive function.     

失眠的评价

失眠的定义失眠分为急性和慢性失眠.急性失眠通常持续时间不超过2 w,与应激状态有关,例如上班、搬家、婚姻或亲人朋友的去世等.而慢性失眠则是失眠持续超过3 w以上,或者不充足睡眠伴随着日间睡意和抑郁,且持续时间不少于1个月.     

Characterization of malignant rat keratinocytes in culture following the induction of oral squamous cell carcinomas in vivo

An in vivo model of oral epithelial carcinogenesis in rats has been established successfully in cell culture. Oral carcinomas of the tongue and palate were induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats by painting their palates three times weekly for 7-8 months with 0.5% (w/v) 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. Oral keratinocytes from malignant and untreated control tissues were cultivated using 3T3 fibroblast support. Both the normal and malignant cells stained positively with an anti-human keratin polyclonal antibody but malignant keratinocytes were heterogeneous with regard to cell size, shape and intercellular packing, unlike the regular organization of the normal cultures. Malignant keratinocyte cultures differed markedly from their normal counterparts by an increase in their growth rate, the capacity for serial cultivation to the 25th passage (to date) and independence of 3T3 fibroblast support. In contrast, cultures established from healthy tissue showed signs of senescence usually by passage 4 and were totally reliant on 3T3 fibroblast support for growth. Malignant keratinocytes expressed anchorage independence when cultured in a semi-solid medium and gave rise to tumour formation in athymic mice. The development of this specialized cell culture system substantially increases the potential of the rat 4NQO model to investigate the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinomas.     

Regrowth of the rat biliary tree after 70% partial hepatectomy is coupled to increased secretin-induced ductal secretion

BACKGROUND & AIMS: After partial hepatectomy, liver regeneration occurs with the return of hepatocyte mass to normal, Limited data exist regarding the renewal of the biliary tree after partial hepatectomy. This study tested the hypothesis that, after partial hepatectomy, the biliary tree regenerates by proliferation of the remaining cholangiocytes, leading to an increase in secretin-induced ductal bile secretion. METHODS: After 70% partial hepatectomy, cholangiocyte proliferation was assessed in situ by morphometric analysis and In vitro by measurement of 3H-thymidine incorporation. Ductal secretion was estimated by measurement of secretin receptor gene expression and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels in vitro and by the effect of secretin on ductal bile secretion in vivo. RESULTS: DNA synthesis was undetectable in control cholangiocytes, increased and peaked at day 3 after partial hepatectomy, and returned to normal by day 28. Morphometric analysis showed regrowth of the biliary tree beginning at day 1 with restoration by day 10. The expression of secretin receptor gene and secretin-induced cAMP levels and secretin- induced bicarbonate-rich choleresis increased during the period of bile duct renewal. CONCLUSIONS: After partial hepatectomy, the increase in secretin-induced ductal bile secretion observed during bile duct renewal results from proliferation of remaining cholangiocytes. (Gastroenterology 1996 Dec;111(6):1633-44)