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81.
82.
Valerie L. Blanco RDH MS Steven M. Levy DDS MPH Ronald L. Ettinger BDS MDS DDSc Henrietta Logan PhD Kathleen C. Buckwalter PhD RN 《Special care in dentistry》1997,17(4):129-132
Little is known about oral health care behaviors of community-dwelling, cognitively impaired elderly (CIE) persons. Few studies have been conducted regarding the actual provision of oral care for CIE persons or the attitudes and concerns about oral health among their caregivers. The CIE person's ability to perform self-care decreases over time, and the role of the caregiver in daily oral care becomes increasingly important. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the attitudes toward oral health and identify related concerns among caregivers who care for community-dwelling CIE persons. Caregivers were surveyed by means of a self-administered, mailed questionnaire. To maintain confidentiality, an intermediary was used for recruitment and data collection. Overall, 148 caregivers were invited by an intermediary to participate in the survey; only 21 (14%) consented to participate and returned the questionnaire. This paper discusses some of the numerous methodological challenges identified when an attempt was made to survey caregivers' attitudes toward and barriers to providing oral care for a dependent CIE. 相似文献
83.
In the last few years, survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been improved because of a decreased incidence of some opportunistic complications attributable to prophylactic treatments and antiretroviral drugs. The impact of these agents should also be reflected in the quality of life (QoL) of patients. We have reviewed this topic with an emphasis on different types of measurements such as Q-TWIST, MOS and the Spitzer score which seem to be most appropriate for this patient population. We do not think that a special type of assessment should be designed for HIV-infected persons. It would be less time-consuming to improve already existing validated scores focusing on HIV infection. QoL in intravenous drug users with HIV should be evaluated more often. 相似文献
84.
Jean-Luc Garrigue Philippe Catroux Jacques Leclaire 《Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology》1995,13(3):189-200
Conclusion The search for a link between cellular and molecular events involved in delayed-type CHS reactions and the early molecular
activation of xenobiotics is a new field of research. It should largely contribute to the debate on the best way forward for
predictive toxicology in general. 相似文献
85.
To study the effect of different schedules of allergen administration on the early (EAR) and late allergic reaction (LAR), 15 asthmatic patients with dual response after allergen challenge were submitted to two consecutive bronchoprovocation tests (BPT). BPT1 was carried out with semilogarithmic increase of allergen doses until a FEV1 drop of 20% was recorded. BPT2 was performed 2 weeks later using the highest allergen dose that had elicited the dual reaction in BPT1. Both EAR and LAR were very similar for a given patient. As the allergen dose used in BPT2 is smaller than the cumulative allergen dose administered in BPT1, this protocol takes into account a possible influence on BPT2 of bronchial hyperreactivity induced by BPT1 performed 2 weeks before. 相似文献
86.
Michel Rostin Philippe Barthe Georges Houin Michel Alvinerie François Bouissou 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1990,4(5):470-473
The aim of this study was to establish whether the criteria for the clinical effectiveness of steroids are correlated with the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in children treated with prednisone during an attack of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Thirteen patients with nephrosis were included. Prednisolone, prednisone and cortisol levels were measured using a specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of prednisone taken at the onset of the disease. All the pharmacokinetic parameters, including the conversion of prednisone to prednisolone were similar to the data already published in children with INS. No correlation was found between the values of pharmacokinetic parameters and criteria of clinical effectiveness. Hypo-albuminaemia was significantly correlated with the area under the plasma-concentration curve but not with the elimination half-life of prednisolone. Moreover, the prednisolone elimination half-life correlated with the urinary exretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids achieved in the first 6h. The present study suggests that routine measurements of prednisolone kinetics do not help when assessing the treatment of children with INS. 相似文献
87.
James D. Bader DDS MPH Mark S. Scurria DDS Daniel A. Shugars DDS PhD 《The Journal of rural health》1994,10(1):26-30
There have been few reports of relative rates of provision of dental health services in rural and urban settings, a comparative measure of access to care in these populations. One part of a statewide survey of active North Carolina general dentists (n=959, response rate=47%) was designed to quantify provision of prosthetic services. To determine contrasting rural and urban rates, responses were analyzed according to dentists'self-report of practice city size using analysis of covariance with percent of insured patients in the practice as the covariate. Mean per-patient-visit rates for crowns, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, and extractions, as well as the distributions of treatment following tooth extraction, differed by city size, with practitioners in the smallest cities reporting treatment distributions reflecting more frequent loss of teeth and less frequent replacement. These differences in patterns of prosthetic care echo the limited existing information describing oral health status, provider supply, and receipt of care, all of which suggest that differential levels of access to care exist and lead to differences in oral health outcomes. 相似文献
88.
Pia Andersson RDH Ingalill R. Hallberg RNT PhD Stefan Renvert DDS PhD 《Special care in dentistry》2002,22(5):181-186
The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half-year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter-rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG. 相似文献
89.
Philippe Brun Heykel Kchouk Brigitte Mouchet Véronique Baudouin Alain Raynaud Chantal Loirat Annabelle Azancot-Benisty 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(1):27-30
To evaluate the reliability of Doppler ultrasonography (US) in identifying children with renal artery stenosis (RAS) among
those with hypertension, we compared Doppler US results in 22 hypertensive children (mean age 8.9±4.3 years), with (13 cases)
and without RAS at angiography, and in 33 normotensive children (mean age 8.8±4.7 years). We observed 2 false-negatives and
2 false-positives with Doppler US. Of the 2 false-negative diagnoses, 1 had RAS on an accessory renal artery located behind
a normal upper polar artery and the other was observed in a patient with bilateral multiple stenosis of the very distal segments
of renal arteries. The 2 false-positive diagnoses were due to sinuous left renal artery and to technical reasons, respectively.
In another patient, Doppler US showed a tight RAS, while arteriography was normal. RAS was subsequently confirmed by a second
arteriography. Peak systolic velocity values of Doppler US were significantly higher in patients with proven angiographic
RAS (3.44±0.66 m/s) than in hypertensive patients with normal renal arteries at angiography (0.99±0.35 m/s, P <0.0001) and normotensive healthy children (1.04±0.23 m/s, P <0.0001). With the use of multiple views, and the experience acquired with practice, false-negatives or false-positives due
to the geometry of the renal artery can be avoided. Nevertheless, very distal stenosis can be missed by Doppler US.
Received October 30, 1995; received in revised form April 16, 1996; accepted May 14, 1996 相似文献
90.