Results of a 3-year oral hygiene programme, including amine fluoride products, in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

This paper reports the results of a 3-year study on children treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. They were all regularly instructed in oral hygiene maintenance and used a standardized fluoride-free toothpaste during the course of the study. The patients were divided into three groups. Groups one and two, respectively, had a fluoride gel and fluoride fluid (Elmex amine fluoride products, GABA International Ltd, Basle, Switzerland) applied. Group three used only the toothpaste supplied, had oral hygiene instruction, but not topical applications. Caries increments were lowest and gingival health best in the two groups using amine fluorides, especially the gel group.     

Total Etch—The Rational Dentin Bonding Protocol

Phosphoric acid etching of dentin is critically reexamined in view of current adhesive resin development. Research and clinical experience both suggest that "total etch," the simultaneous etching of dentin and enamel, is a rational protocol with many modern adhesive resins.     

Behandlung von Kindern mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten-ein Beitrag zur psychosozialen Rehabilitation

Zusammenfassung Die Langzeittherapie der Kinder mit oralen Spaltfehlbildungen beginnt im Idealfall noch am Tage der Geburt und reicht regelmäßig in die Adoleszenz. Die Ergebnisse einer anonymen Befragung der Eltern von Kindern im Alter von bis zu sieben Jahren mit oralen Spaltfehlbildungen, die in orthopädischer Frühbehandlung stehen oder standen, werden berichtet. Die Fragen betreffen dasGeburtserleben, die ersteärztliche Aufklärung, unsereFrühbehandlung und die psychosoziale Eingliederung der Kinder. Der Vergleich der Angaben von Eltern der Kinder mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte mit Eltern, die ein Kind mit isolierter Gaumenspalte haben, legt nahe, daß anfangs die Schwere des objektiven medizinischen Befundes nicht mit der subjektiven Befindlichkeit der Eltern korreliert. Die Verlaufsbeobachtung läßt zusätzlich den Schluß zu, daß nur wenige Eltern durch die Spaltfehlbildung ihres Kindes keinen zusätzlichen psychischen Problemen ausgesetzt sind.

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Summary The long term treatment of cleft palate patients starts immediatly after birth and is persecuted orderly to adolescence. The results of anonymous survey of the opinion of parents of cleft palate children who undergo or underwent early treatment procedures, up to seven years of age, are presented. Questions concerned mother's or parent's experience of birth, first medical information, early orthopedic care and treatment, and psychosocial adjustment of the children as well. This study suggests that objective findings in children and subjective conditions of parents do not correlate in the beginning, as is to be seen in cleft palate versus cleft lip palate group. One other conclusion indicates the existence of a small quantity of parents able to accept their affected child without additional problems arising from the cleft.

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Auszugsweise vorgetragen auf der 63. Wissenschaftlichen Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie, Heidelberg, 8. Juni 1990.     

Intracranial volume in children with craniosynostosis

The intracranial volume of 104 children with craniosynostosis was measured. Premature fusion of skull sutures is thought to deny the growing brain room to expand, but contrary to traditional teaching the intracranial volume of such children is often within normal limits.     

Surgery of the parotid region: a new approach

Many disorders of the parotid gland require treatment by subtotal or total parotidectomy. In such situations functional and esthetic complications may arise due to the location of the incisions or from permanent or temporary injuries to the facial nerve. This report describes a modified revision that gives good esthetic and functional results. A review of a similar series of cases treated surgically by the same surgeons using Yoel and Bilesio's technique showed no differences in morbility associated with parotidectomy performed using the proposed incision.     

Effect of exercise on salivary composition and cortisol in serum and saliva in man

The effect of exercise on electrolytes and cortisol levels in serum and saliva was examined in 27 young, healthy male volunteers who performed graded submaximal cycle exercise for nine min at up to 85% of their age-predicted maximal heart rate. Seventeen men performed the Wingate anaerobic test for 30 s. A significant increase in pulse rate and systolic blood pressure and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure were found, and serum concentrations of Na+, K+, and lactate were significantly elevated immediately after exercise. A nonsignificant increase in saliva and serum cortisol levels was found. Significantly lowered salivary flow rate and elevated salivary K+, protein, and lactate concentrations were found within ten min after exercise. Salivary Mg2+ was significantly elevated after anaerobic exercise only.     

Management of root-amputated maxillary molar teeth: Periodontal and prosthetic considerations

Recent studies have shown that maxillary molar teeth with furcation involvement can be retained for many years in a state of health. Removal of one or more roots may be required to create a morphology that can be maintained. Proper treatment planning is essential for long-term success. The indications for root amputation and surgical technique are described. Esthetic restorative procedures are illustrated.     

Stability of the mandible following advancement: a comparison of three postsurgical fixation techniques

This study examines short-term stability of the mandible following mandibular advancement surgery by means of three standard techniques of postsurgical fixation. Twenty-two adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) underwent sagittal ramus advancement osteotomy of approximately 4 to 6 mm. Six animals had dental maxillomandibular fixation alone. Six animals had dental plus skeletal maxillomandibular fixation with circummandibular wires connected to pyriform aperture wires. Ten animals had rigid internal fixation with bicortical bone screws between the proximal and distal segments without maxillomandibular fixation. Radiographic cephalograms with the aid of tantalum bone markers and dental amalgams were analyzed during the first 6 postoperative weeks to evaluate skeletal and dental stability. Rigid internal fixation and the use of dental plus skeletal maxillomandibular fixation were both equally effective in the prevention of postsurgical relapse. However, in the animals in which only dental maxillomandibular fixation was used, statistically significant changes (relapse) occurred when compared with either of the other groups.