全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1669篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 27篇 |
儿科学 | 55篇 |
妇产科学 | 73篇 |
基础医学 | 107篇 |
口腔科学 | 123篇 |
临床医学 | 143篇 |
内科学 | 311篇 |
皮肤病学 | 15篇 |
神经病学 | 168篇 |
特种医学 | 91篇 |
外科学 | 432篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 37篇 |
眼科学 | 35篇 |
药学 | 64篇 |
肿瘤学 | 40篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 78篇 |
2020年 | 46篇 |
2019年 | 52篇 |
2018年 | 79篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 82篇 |
2014年 | 88篇 |
2013年 | 101篇 |
2012年 | 151篇 |
2011年 | 136篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 63篇 |
2008年 | 108篇 |
2007年 | 124篇 |
2006年 | 95篇 |
2005年 | 87篇 |
2004年 | 69篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1746条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Karaosmanoglu Ali Devrim Onur Mehmet Ruhi Salman Mehmet Coskun Usubutun Alp Karcaaltincaba Musturay Ozmen Mustafa Nasuh Akata Deniz 《Abdominal imaging》2019,44(4):1493-1505
Abdominal Radiology - Metastatic involvement of the ovaries is not rare. The most common tumor types metastasizing to the ovaries, from non-gynecological organs, are breast, colorectal, gastric,... 相似文献
82.
The tibial eminence fractures are most frequently observed in children and adolescents increasingly. Their classification and management are mainly made by the displacement of the fracture fragment. The surgical management has evolved from open to arthroscopic techniques. Various fixation techniques have been defined. Mainly, there are 2 types of fixation: screw and suture-based methods. Although recent studies have demonstrated the biomechanical advantages of newer suture-based fixation methods, the best method of fixation has not been defined, yet. Currently, nondisplaced and reducible fractures are managed nonoperatively, and displaced and irreducible fractures are managed operatively. Until the best surgical method is defined by higher level of evidence studies clinically, functionally, radiologically, and biomechanically, the type of fixation will be chosen by considering the experience of the surgeon, the clinical status of the patient, the availability of the implants, and the morphology of these fractures. 相似文献
83.
Huseyin Eren Hasan Riza Aydin Levent Tumkaya Ilke Onur Kazaz Yildiray Kalkan Seher Nazli Kazaz 《Renal failure》2018,40(1):466-474
Purpose: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of whortleberry against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Material and methods: This study included 48 female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 263.68?±?8.29?g. The rats were divided into the following six groups, with eight rats in each group: control, ethanol control, whortleberry control, cisplatin control, 16?mg/kg cisplatin +100?mg/kg whortleberry, and 16?mg/kg cisplatin +200?mg/kg whortleberry groups. Biochemical analysis was performed by measuring total oxidant status and total antioxidant status, histopathological analysis was performed by calculating proximal and distal tubule areas (μm2), and immunohistochemical analysis was performed by determining anti-Caspase-3 immunostaining. Differences among the groups were examined using one-way analysis of variance, and p?.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Cisplatin treatment decreased the total antioxidant status and increased the total oxidant status and Caspase-3 level. Moreover, it resulted in the dilatation, vacuolization and loss of tubular epithelial cells; and glomerular degeneration and edema in the kidney tissues (p?.05). Treatment with 100 and 200?mg whortleberries increased the total antioxidant status; decreased the total oxidant status and Caspase-3 level and ameliorated distal and proximal tubule degeneration, glomerular degeneration and edema in the kidney tissues (p?.05).Conclusions: Our results indicate that the antioxidant effects of the whortleberry decrease cisplatin-associated nephrotoxicity. 相似文献
84.
Sua Sumer Nazlim Aktug Demir Servet K?lgelier Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya Abdullah Arpaci Lütfi Saltuk Demir Onur Ural 《Hepatitis monthly》2013,13(6)
Background
Serum apoptotic cytokeratine 18 neoepitope M30 (CK-18 M30) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) have been popular markers for detecting liver fibrosis in recent years. CK-18 is a major intermediate filament protein in liver cells and one of the most prominent substrates of caspases during hepatocyte apoptosis. MMP-2 plays an important role in tissue remodeling and repairing processes during physiological and pathological states.Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of CK-18 M30 and MMP-2 levels for clinical use in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), as well as their sensitivity in determining cirrhotic patients.Patients and Methods
This study included 189 CHB patients and 51 healthy controls. A modified Knodell scoring system was used to determine the fibrosis level in chronic hepatitis B patients. CK-18 M30 levels were determined with an M30-Apoptosense ELISA assay. MMP-2 levels were determined with the ELISA assay.Results
The study group consisted of 132 (69.8%) males and 57 (30.2%) females, and the control group consisted of 25 males (49.0%) and 26 females (51%). Patients’ CK-18 M30 levels were higher than values of the control group (308 [1–762] vs. 168 [67–287], P=0.001). Serum MMP-2 levels were found to be statistically higher in the patient group with respect to the controls (3.0 [1.1–6.8] vs. 2.0 [1.2–3.4], P=0.001). The highest serum CK-18 M30 and MMP-2 levels were measured in patients with cirrhosis. Serum apoptotic CK-18 M30 levels positively correlated with advanced age, fibrosis stage, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (P= 0.001, 0.033, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Serum MMP-2 levels positively correlated with fibrosis stage, serum ALT, and AST levels (P= 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively).Conclusions
Our study indicated that CK-18 M30 and MMP-2 levels were higher in CHB patients compared to healthy controls and they were in association with significant hepatic fibrosis, especially cirrhosis. 相似文献85.
A major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent subset of memory phenotype CD8+ cells 下载免费PDF全文
Most memory phenotype (MP) CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells are resting interleukin (IL)-15-dependent cells characterized by high expression of the IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta (CD122). However, some MP CD8(+) cells have a CD122(lo) phenotype and are IL-15 independent. Here, evidence is presented that the CD122(lo) subset of MP CD8(+) cells is controlled largely by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Many of these cells display surface markers typical of recently activated T cells (CD62L(lo), CD69(hi), CD43(hi), and CD127(lo)) and show a high rate of background proliferation. Cells with this phenotype are highly enriched in common gamma chain-deficient mice and absent from MHC-I(-/-) mice. Unlike CD122(hi) CD8(+) cells, CD122(lo) MP CD8(+) cells survive poorly after transfer to MHC-I(-/-) hosts and cease to proliferate. Although distinctly different from typical antigen-specific memory cells, CD122(lo) MP CD8(+) cells closely resemble the antigen-dependent memory CD8(+) cells found in chronic viral infections. 相似文献
86.
Functional cerebral asymmetries during the menstrual cycle: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study aims at answering two basic questions regarding the mechanisms with which hormones modulate functional cerebral asymmetries. Which steroids or gonadotropins fluctuating during the menstrual cycle affect perceptual asymmetries? Can these effects be demonstrated in a cross-sectional (follicular and midluteal cycle phases analyzed) and a longitudinal design, in which the continuous hormone and asymmetry fluctuations were measured over a time course of 6 weeks? To answer these questions, 12 spontaneously cycling right-handed women participated in an experiment in which their levels of progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, LH, and FSH were assessed every 3 days by blood-sample based radioimmunoassays (RIAs). At the same points in time their asymmetries were analyzed with visual half-field (VHF) techniques using a lexical decision, a figure recognition, and a face discrimination task. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyzes showed that an increase of progesterone is related to a reduction in asymmetries in a figure recognition task by increasing the performance of the left-hemisphere which is less specialized for this task. Cross-sectionally, estradiol was shown to have significant relationships to the accuracy and the response speed of both hemispheres. However, since these effects were in the same direction, asymmetry was not affected. This was not the case in the longitudinal design, where estradiol affected the asymmetry in the lexical decision and the figural comparison task. Overall, these data show that hormonal fluctuations within the menstrual cycle have important impacts on functional cerebral asymmetries. The effect of progesterone was highly reliable and could be shown in both analysis schemes. By contrast, estradiol mainly, but not exclusively, affected both hemispheres in the same direction. 相似文献
87.
Mevlüt Koç MD Onur Kaypakli MD Gökhan Gözübüyük MD Durmus Yıldıray Şahin MD 《Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology》2018,23(1)
Aim
Optimization of coronary sinus (CS) lead position to the latest activated left ventricular (LV) area is important to increase cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response. We aimed to detect the relationship between coronary sinus lead delay index (CSDI) and echocardiographic, electrocardiographic response to CRT treatment.Methods
We prospectively included 137 consecutive patients with heart failure (HF) diagnosis, QRS ≥ 120 ms, left bundle branch block (LBBB), New York Heart Association score (NYHA) II–IV, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% and scheduled for CRT (84 male, 53 female; mean age 65.1 ± 10.1 years). Echocardiographic CRT response was defined as ≥15% reduction in LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV). CS lead sensing delay was calculated as the time interval from the onset of surface QRS wave to the onset of depolarization wave recorded from the CS lead by using the CS pacing lead as a bipolar electrode. CSDI was calculated by dividing the CS lead sensing delay by the QRS duration.Results
LVESV reduction was associated with baseline QRS width (r = .257, p = .002), QRS narrowing (r = .396, p < .001), CSDI (r = .357, p < .001), and NT‐proBNP (r = ?0.213, p = .022) in bivariate analysis. In logistic regression analysis, CSDI was found to be only independent parameter for predicting significant LVESV reduction (Beta = 0.318, p < .001). CSDI was also found to be significantly associated with LVEF increase (r = .244, p = .004) and QRS narrowing (r = .178, p = .046).Conclusion
CSDI may be used as a marker to predict the favorable response to CRT. It may be useful to integrate CSDI to CRT implantation procedure in order to minimize nonresponders.88.
89.
Onur Tezel Umit Kaldirim Serkan Bilgic Suleyman Deniz Yusuf Emrah Eyi Selahattin Ozyurek Murat Durusu Nihal Tezel 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2014
Objectives
Dislocation of the shoulder joint is one of the most common dislocations. The reduction procedure is a painful procedure. In this study, 2 different treatment groups were compared for pain control during shoulder dislocation reduction. It was aimed to evaluate the differences between the groups in reduction, success, length of hospital stay, complications, side effects, patient-physician satisfaction, and ease of application.Methods
The study was planned to be prospective and randomized. As procedural sedation analgesia (SA), titration of ketamine 1 to 2 mg/kg was administered intravenously to group 1. Suprascapular nerve block (SNB) was applied under ultrasound guidance (USG) to group 2. Conformity to normal distribution of variables was examined with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The χ2 test and Fisher test were used to evaluate differences between the groups in categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test, and a value of P < .05 was accepted as statistically significant.Results
The study comprised a total of 41 patients; 20 in the group 1 and 21 in the group 2. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of age (P = .916), sex (P = .972), reduction success (P = .540), and patient-physician satisfaction (P = .198). The time spent in the emergency department (ED) by patients in the SA group was signficantly longer compared with the SNB group. No side effects were observed in the SNB group.Conclusions
Suprascapular nerve block, which can be easily applied under USG in the ED, can be evaluated as a good alternative to SA in the reduction of shoulder dislocations. 相似文献90.
Onur Yaprak Tolga Demirbas Cihan Duran Murat Dayangac Murat Akyildiz Yaman Tokat Yildiray Yuzer 《Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International》2011,(5)
BACKGROUND: Varied vascular and biliary anatomies are common in the liver. Living donor hepatectomy requires precise recognition of the hilar anatomy. This study was undertaken to study donor vascular and biliary tract variations, surgical approaches and implications in living liver transplant patients. METHODS: Two hundred living donor liver transplantations were performed at our institution between 2004 and 2009. All donors were evaluated by volumetric computerized tomography (CT), CT angiography and magn... 相似文献