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81.
Nicola L. Robertson Yipeng Hu Hashim U. Ahmed Alex Freeman Dean Barratt Mark Emberton 《European urology》2014
Background
Prostate biopsy parameters are commonly used to attribute cancer risk. A targeted approach to lesions found on imaging may have an impact on the risk attribution given to a man.Objective
To evaluate whether, based on computer simulation, targeting of lesions during biopsy results in reclassification of cancer risk when compared with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy.Design, setting, and participants
A total of 107 reconstructed three-dimensional models of whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens were used for computer simulations. Systematic 12-core TRUS biopsy was compared with transperineal targeted biopsies using between one and five cores. All biopsy strategies incorporated operator and needle deflection error. A target was defined as any lesion ≥0.2 ml. A false-positive magnetic resonance imaging identification rate of 34% was applied.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
Sensitivity was calculated for the detection of all cancer and clinically significant disease. Cases were designated as high risk based on achieving ≥6 mm cancer length and/or ≥50% positive cores. Statistical significance (p values) was calculated using both a paired Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the t test.Results and limitations
When applying a widely used biopsy criteria to designate risk, 12-core TRUS biopsy classified only 24% (20 of 85) of clinically significant cases as high risk, compared with 74% (63 of 85) of cases using 4 targeted cores. The targeted strategy reported a significantly higher proportion of positive cores (44% vs 11%; p < 0.0001) and a significantly greater mean maximum cancer core length (7.8 mm vs 4.3 mm; p < 0.0001) when compared with 12-core TRUS biopsy. Computer simulations may not reflect the sources of errors encountered in clinical practice. To mitigate this we incorporated all known major sources of error to maximise clinical relevance.Conclusions
Image-targeted biopsy results in an increase in risk attribution if traditional criteria, based on cancer core length and the proportion of positive cores, are applied. Targeted biopsy strategies will require new risk stratification models that account for the increased likelihood of sampling the tumour. 相似文献82.
Willemien van den Bos Berrend G. Muller Hashim Ahmed Chris H. Bangma Eric Barret Sebastien Crouzet Scott E. Eggener Inderbir S. Gill Steven Joniau Gyoergy Kovacs Sascha Pahernik Jean J. de la Rosette Olivier Rouvière Georg Salomon John F. Ward Peter T. Scardino 《European urology》2014
Background
Focal therapy has been introduced for the treatment of localised prostate cancer (PCa). To provide the necessary data for consistent assessment, all focal therapy trials should be performed according to uniform, systematic pre- and post-treatment evaluation with well-defined end points and strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Objective
To obtain consensus on trial design for focal therapy in PCa.Design, setting, and participants
A four-staged consensus project based on a modified Delphi process was conducted in which 48 experts in focal therapy of PCa participated. According to this formal consensus-building method, participants were asked to fill out an iterative sequence of questionnaires to collect data on trial design. Subsequently, a consensus meeting was held in which 13 panellists discussed acquired data, clarified the results, and defined the conclusions.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
A multidisciplinary board from oncologic centres worldwide reached consensus on patient selection, pretreatment assessment, evaluation of outcome, and follow-up.Results and limitations
Inclusion criteria for candidates in focal therapy trials are patients with prostate-specific antigen <15 ng/ml, clinical stage T1c–T2a, Gleason score 3 + 3 or 3 + 4, life expectancy of >10 yr, and any prostate volume. The optimal biopsy strategy includes transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies to be taken between 6 mo and 12 mo after treatment. The primary objective should be focal ablation of clinically significant disease with negative biopsies at 12 mo after treatment as the primary end point.Conclusions
This consensus report provides a standard for designing a feasible focal therapy trial.Patient summary
A variety of ablative technologies have been introduced and applied in a focal manner for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). In this consensus report, an international panel of experts in the field of PCa determined pre- and post-treatment work-up for focal therapy research. 相似文献83.
Hashim U. Ahmed 《Urologic oncology》2014,32(6):901-902
The current diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for localized prostate cancer is not working. In fact, it is severely flawed and, as such, fraught with controversy. Our current strategy has arisen from the imprecision of our diagnostic pathway. We do not know where the cancer is, so we subject the prostate to randomly placed needles in the hope of hitting the tumor. This leads to overdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, missclassification of risk and overtreatment and undertreatment. If we do find cancer, we usually subject the entire prostate to radiotherapy or surgery, which damages the surrounding structures—neurovascular bundles, external urinary sphincter, rectum, and bladder neck. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, coupled with an intensive sampling strategy (targeted biopsies), might be able to rule out clinically significant lesions with a negative predictive value in the order of 90% to 95%. Focal therapy certainly leads to less genitourinary and rectal side effects. Current data from more than 3,000 men treated internationally show that incontinence after focal therapy is 0% to 5% (radical therapy can lead to incontinence in 15%–20%) whereas erectile dysfunction occurs in 5% to 10% of men with good baseline function (radical therapy rates vary between 30% and 60%). Early to medium cancer control using biopsies after treatment shows between 80% and 90% of patients have a successful treatment, with 10% to 15% of men requiring redo-treatment with minimal additional morbidity. 相似文献
84.
85.
Itsik Ben-Dor MD Avinash Sharma MD Toby Rogers MD PhD Charan Yerasi MD Brian C. Case MD Chava Chezar-Azerrad MD Anees Musallam MD Brian J. Forrestal MBBS Cheng Zhang PhD Hayder Hashim MD Nelson Bernardo MD Lowell F. Satler MD Ron Waksman MD 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2021,97(7):1379-1385
86.
Brian C. Case MD Sant Kumar BA Charan Yerasi MD Brian J. Forrestal MBBS Anees Musallam MD Chava Chezar-Azerrad MD Nauman Khalid MD Evan Shlofmitz DO Yuefeng Chen MD PhD Jaffar M. Khan BM BCh PhD Lowell F. Satler MD Itsik Ben-Dor MD Hayder Hashim MD Nelson L. Bernardo MD Toby Rogers MD PhD Ron Waksman MD 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2021,98(3):572-577
87.
Mochamad Zakki Fahmi Abdul Haris Ahmadi Jaya Permana Denika Liyan Nor Wibowo Bambang Purwanto Yatim Lailun Nikmah Adi Idris 《RSC advances》2018,8(67):38376
In this study, carbon dots synthesized from bamboo leaf cellulose were used simultaneously as a staining agent and for doxorubicin delivery to target cancer cells. Owing to their nontoxic properties, the production of carbon dots from bamboo leaves is a green approach involving optimized application of bamboo tree waste. For multifunctional applications, the carbon dots were modified with 4-carboxybenzylboronic acid and doxorubicin to improve target specificity and drug delivery to HeLa tumor cells. The resulting modified carbon dots were characterized using different analytical techniques, which showed that they were biocompatible, nontoxic, and highly stable over a wide range of pH values and at high ionic strengths. Furthermore, in vitro confocal microscopy studies demonstrated their blue fluorescence and cellular pathway for entering HeLa cells via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cell viability data and flow cytometry results also confirmed the selective uptake of the carbon dots by HeLa cells, which significantly enhanced cell cytotoxicity.In this study, carbon dots synthesized from bamboo leaf cellulose were used simultaneously as a staining agent and for doxorubicin delivery to target cancer cells. 相似文献
88.
Nurul Ain A. Talib Faridah Salam Nor Azah Yusof Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad Mohd Zulkhairi Azid Razali Mirad Yusran Sulaiman 《RSC advances》2018,8(28):15522
Clenbuterol (CLB) is an illegal antibiotic for livestock, which is misused as a growth promoter drug. In this study, an immunosensor modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and anti-clenbuterol antibody (Ab) was developed for the detection of CLB. A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with PEDOT/MWCNT as a sensor platform before immobilizing Ab for specific CLB binding through a competitive-type immunoassay. Free CLB in the sample solution competed with clenbuterol-horseradish peroxide (CLB–HRP) to bind with Ab. A high current signal was obtained after optimization of the electrochemical immunoassay conditions (pH, incubation temperature, antigen (Ag) incubation time and % blocking) using the response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM/CCD). The developed immunosensor is highly reproducible and sensitive with good storage stability, which are necessary for practical application. In real sample application, this immunosensor produces comparable results with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; thus, it is useful for CLB screening and monitoring in real meat samples.A clenbuterol immunosensor was developed with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed carbon electrode and optimized using response surface methodology. 相似文献
89.
Olla Sharhan Thorsten Heidelberg Najiahah Mohd Hashim Abbas Abdulameer Salman Hapipah Mohd Ali Soher Nagi Jayash 《RSC advances》2018,8(68):38995
A new series of acridine based imidazolium salts was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines by an MTT assay. The synthesis applied a coupling of imidazoles with 9-chloroacridines, which originated from an Ullmann condensation of a 2-chloro-benzoic acid with an aniline. The target compounds were obtained in high yields. The DPPH assay indicated considerable antioxidant activity for target compounds with simple and short alkyl chains on the imidazole, while increasing chain length and the introduction of an additional π-electron system in most cases reduced the activity. All compounds exhibited low biotoxicity against non-cancerous cell lines, whereas a few compounds showed promising anticancer activity. Unlike for the reference drugs Tamoxifen and Paclitaxel, the anticancer activity of acridine imidazolium ions is specific for only selected cancer types. Reasonable fluorescent behaviour of the products provide potential for visualization of the distribution of active drugs in tissue.A series of acridine-based imidazolium salts was synthesized and studied on cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. 相似文献
90.
Muhamad Syaizwadi Shaifudin Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali Wan Mohamad Ikhmal Wan Mohamad Kamaruzzaman Wan Rafizah Wan Abdullah Syara Kassim Nur Quratul Aini Ismail Nor Kamilah Saat Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid Maria Fazira Mohd Fekeri Khamirul Amin Matori 《Materials》2021,14(4)
This paper investigated the effects of Pr6O11 and Co3O4 on the electrical properties of ZnO-BaTiO3 varistor ceramics. The Pr6O11 doping has a notable influence on the characteristics of the nonlinear coefficient, varistor voltage, and leakage current where the values varied from 2.29 to 2.69, 12.36 to 68.36 V/mm and 599.33 to 548.16 µA/cm2, respectively. The nonlinear varistor coefficient of 5.50 to 7.15 and the varistor voltage of 7.38 to 8.10 V/mm was also influenced by the use of Co3O4 as a dopant. When the amount of Co3O4 was above 0.5 wt.%, the leakage current increased from 202.41 to 302.71 μA/cm2. The varistor ceramics with 1.5 wt.% Pr6O11 shows good nonlinear electrical performance at higher breakdown voltage and reduced the leakage current of the ceramic materials. Besides, the varistor sample that was doped with 0.5 wt.% Co3O4 was able to enhance the nonlinear electrical properties at low breakdown voltage with a smaller value of leakage current. 相似文献