丹参对急性缺血后再灌注心肌磷脂肌醇系统变化的影响

本文首镒报道采用大鼠在体心肌缺血后再灌注模型观察丹参对急性短时间缺血后再灌注心肌磷脂肌醇代谢的影响。结果显示：急性缺血１０ｍｉｎ后灌注１０ｍｉｎ，心肌磷脂肌醇信息传递系统功能明显增强，其磷脂酰肌醇－４，５－二磷酸和肌醇－１，４，５－三磷酸水平显著高于非缺血对照组和缺血组；丹参能显著抑制急性缺血后再灌注心肌磷脂肌醇系统的高功能状态，其ＰＩＰ２和ＩＰ３水平明显低于缺血组和缺血再灌注组。     

A solid-phase blocking ELISA for detection of antibodies to Nipah virus

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) based solid-phase blocking ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to Nipah virus. The ELISA was designed to detect remaining antigens on the plate with anti-Nipah MAb conjugate after the reaction with sample serum, and enabled simple procedure, detection of neutralizing antibody to Nipah virus, and application of samples from different animal species. Forty of 200 swine reference sera examined were positive by the ELISA, of which thirty seven were found positive by serum neutralization test. Sera from a total of 131 fruit bats captured in Malaysia were also tested and all found negative by the both tests. It is considered that the solid-phase blocking ELISA can be used as a screening test for Nipah virus infection followed by the serum neutralization test as confirmatory test.     

Differential expression of FIZZ1 and Ym1 in alternatively versus classically activated macrophages

Alternatively activated macrophages (aaMphi) display molecular and biological characteristics that differ from those of classically activated macrophages (caMphi). Recently, we described an experimental model of murine trypanosomosis in which the early stage of infection of mice with a Trypanosoma brucei brucei variant is characterized by the development of caMphi, whereas in the late and chronic stages of infection, aaMphi develop. In the present study, we used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify genes that are expressed differentially in aaMphi versus caMphi elicited during infection with this T. b. brucei variant. We show that FIZZ1 and Ym1 are induced strongly in in vivo- and in vitro-elicited aaMphi as compared with caMphi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the in vivo induction of FIZZ1 and Ym1 in macrophages depends on IL-4 and that in vitro, IFN-gamma antagonizes the effect of IL-4 on the expression of FIZZ1 and Ym1. Collectively, these results open perspectives for new insights into the functional properties of aaMphi and establish FIZZ1 and Ym1 as markers for aaMphi.     

Experimenters' expectation and subjects' knowledge of hypotheses in simple reaction time to lateralized visual stimuli

Researchers in experimental neuropsychology usually recruit "naive" normal subjects. In this preliminary study, we attempt to consider the role of such a selection. Sixty-four normal, right-handed subjects were enlisted for an experiment on simple reaction times to laterally displayed visual stimuli for which, according to the literature, no cerebral asymmetry is expected. In the course of the experiment, the subjects were "informed" about the hypothesis of the current research. Four subgroups of 16 subjects received four different kinds of information, one for each subgroup; moreover, in each subgroup, half the subjects were examined by an experimenter who hoped to modify the performance and the other half by an experimenter who supposed that information would not affect the behavior of the subjects. The results do not reveal any effect of instructions or experimenters and are discussed to plan future research.     

Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Distribution of Clades in the Republic of Korea in 2020

Since a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019, there has been a rapid global spread of the virus. Genomic surveillance was conducted on samples isolated from infected individuals to monitor the spread of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency performed whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea for 1 year (January 2020 to January 2021). A total of 2,488 SARS-CoV-2 cases were sequenced (including 648 cases from abroad). Initially, the prevalent clades of SARS-CoV-2 were the S and V clades, however, by March 2020, GH clade was the most dominant. Only international travelers were identified as having G or GR clades, and since the first variant 501Y.V1 was identified (from a traveler from the United Kingdom on December 22^nd, 2020), a total of 27 variants of 501Y.V1, 501Y.V2, and 484K.V2 have been classified (as of January 25^th, 2021). The results in this study indicated that quarantining of travelers entering Korea successfully prevented dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Korea.     

川芎嗪对大鼠局部脑缺血星形胶质细胞的影响

目的 :观察川芎嗪对缺血后神经元改变和星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的影响。方法 :制作大鼠单侧局灶性脑缺血模型 ,HE染色观察神经元的形态学改变 ,免疫组化染色观察星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的变化。结果 :川芎嗪可提高星形胶质细胞GFAP表达。结论 :川芎嗪对缺血神经元有保护作用     

心房颤动者并发脑梗死相关因素分析

目的 心房颤动是一种常见的心律失常,其并发症包括脑梗死等。国外 对此已经进行了广泛的研究。国内关于此方面的研究较少。本研究分析了心房颤动患者脑梗死发生的危险因素,筛选高危患者,指导临床干预。方法 结合186例慢性心房颤动患者的临床特点,分析不同性别、年龄、病因、并发高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化以及心房大小对房颤并发梗死的影响。结果本研究分析表明：风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化是房颤并发脑梗死的高危因素,性别、年龄对房颤并发脑梗死无显著影响。结论 对于心房颤动并发风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化的患者容易发生脑梗死,可能需要进行抗血栓治疗,预防脑梗死的发生。     

我院医院伦理委员会的做法及体会

阐述了新形势下建立医院伦理委员会的重要性和必要性,介绍了上海第二医科大学仁济医院伦理委员会成立以来在新药、新技术应用审议,医疗行为道德责任审议分析、医学伦理学研究及伦理道德科普宣教等方面开展的工作和成效.     

医药卫生信息化与电子商务

介绍了我国医院信息系统的进展状况、电子商务的定义和发展趋势,分析了医疗信息化与电子商务领域存在的误区、误解与误导。提出了最有前途的医疗卫生电子商务项目,即医疗保险、医院药品及卫生材料的集中采购、应用服务供应商、多样化的患者服务、远程医疗。