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81.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chloroquine on phagolysosomal fusion (PLF) in cultured guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AMs). This technique may be of significance for antitubercular drugs, because the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is linked to evasion of PLF. Guinea pig AMs were obtained from anesthetized animals after exsanguination. The AMs were cultured at a density of 1×106 cell/mL in 24-well plates after attachment to 13-mm coverslips. Culture conditions were at 37°C, with 95% air/5% CO2 in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Rhodamine-dextran (70 kd) was incubated with the cells at 0.25 mg/mL for 24 hours to label the lysosomes. Chloroquine treatment where indicated was performed at 10–20 μ g/mL for 1 hour. Fluorescent BioParticles were then added, and PLF was monitored by formation of an organge-yellow fluorescence on fusion of green fluorescent BioParticles with rhodamine-labeled lysosomes. PLF endpoints were measured by scoring for the percentage of orange-yellow cells in the field of view. Image analysis to measure the intensity of the orange-yellow color was performed by obtaining a, b values for 5×5 pixel areas using the Photo Adobe program 4.0.1. The results indicated that the rate of PLF was enhanced by chloroquine. Thus, chloroquine may be used to potentiate the effects of rifampicin. This may be confirmed by studies involving similar dual fluorophore labeling techniques of fluorescein-labeled formulation in macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis. Preliminary studies with the rhodamine-labeled formulation confirmed cellular uptake and persistence for up to 7 days in culture. 相似文献
82.
83.
Meenakshi Arora Reetakshi Arora S C Tiwari Nibhriti DAS and L M SRIVASTAVA 《Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)》2001,6(1):37-41
SUMMARY: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with respect to aetiology, morphology, clinical course and response to treatment. The present study assessed the expression of complement receptor 1 (CR1), decay accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (CD59) on the erythrocytes of FSGS patients using flow cytometry compared with their expression on the erythrocytes of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) patients. Significantly reduced expression of CR1, DAF and CD59 was observed on the erythrocytes of FSGS patients compared with the reduced expression of CR1 and enhanced expression of DAF on the erythrocytes of MCNS patients. A significant inverse relationship was demonstrated between CR1 expression and proteinuria levels in FSGS patients ( r = 0.55, P < 0.01). A follow-up study of 12 patients with FSGS after immunosuppressive therapy showed that the levels of complement regulatory proteins are significantly increased when the disease goes into remission. However, in patients not responding to immunosuppressive therapy, levels of these proteins remained low. MCNS patients showed significant increases in CR1 and decreases in DAF expression during remission of the disease. 相似文献
84.
Devi KP Sairam M Sreepriya M Devaki T Ilavazhagan G Selvamurthy W 《Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)》2004,10(3):535-539
OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of Premna tomentosa extract against chromate (VI)-induced toxicity was assessed in J 779 macrophage cell line. DESIGN: The cells were analyzed for cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, oxidant burst, antioxidant status, and cell proliferation. RESULT: Chromate treatment resulted in a significant increase in cytotoxicity and free radical production. Furthermore, there is a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). There was an appreciable decrease in cell proliferation and phagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of chromate. However, pretreatment of the cells with P. tomentosa extract (500 microg concentration), 30 minutes prior to chromate (VI) treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of chromate-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production. The extract also restored the antioxidant status, cell proliferation, and phagocytosis similar to that of control cells. CONCLUSION: The results confirm the cytoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of the leaves of P. tomentosa and its possible usage in immunosuppressed conditions. 相似文献
85.
Asaf D. Yanir Caridad A. Martinez Ghadir Sasa Kathryn Leung Stephen Gottschalk Bilal Omer Nabil Ahmed Meenakshi Hegde Jo Eunji Hao Liu Helen E. Heslop Malcolm K. Brenner Robert A. Krance Swati Naik 《Biology of blood and marrow transplantation》2018,24(7):1424-1431
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for a subset of patients with high-risk or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Given evolving practices, it is important to continually evaluate outcomes for pediatric ALL following HSCT. Outcomes after HSCT are influenced by the type of donor used as this determines the degree and method of T cell depletion used and, consequently, specific transplant-related morbidities. We retrospectively analyzed HSCT data from our center for transplants performed between January 2008 and May 2016, comparing outcomes among different donor types. One hundred and twenty-four pediatric patients underwent HSCT from a matched sibling donor (MSD; n?=?48), an unrelated matched donor (UMD; n?=?56), or a haploidentical donor (n?=?20). We observed a similar 3-year event-free survival (EFS) for MSD recipients (of .64) and for UMD recipients (.62), but a significantly lower EFS for recipients of haploidentical transplants (.35; P?=?.01). Relapse was the main cause of HSCT failure and was significantly higher in the haploidentical donor group (.47 versus .19 for MSD and .24 for UMD; P?=?.02). Treatment-related mortality was evenly distributed among the donor groups (.17, .16, and .15 for the MSD, UMD, and haploidentical groups, respectively). Rates of infection-related mortality were lower than previously reported. Relapse is the main obstacle for successful HSCT in the contemporary era, and this effect is most evident in recipients of haploidentical donor grafts. Newer methods to improve graft-versus-leukemia effect are being evaluated and will need to be incorporated into the management of high-risk patients. 相似文献
86.
Rekha Dwivedi Meenakshi Singh Thomas Kaleekal Yogendra Kumar Gupta 《The International journal of neuroscience》2016,126(11):972-978
Aim of the study: The monitoring of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in clinical setting is important for measuring the efficacy of drugs and their safety and in personalizing drug therapy. We investigated the levels of AED, carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbital (PHB), to understand their association in saliva compared with those in serum during the therapy. Materials and methods: In this study, we performed a prospective study of 116 persons with epilepsy (PWE; mean age 26.90 ± 11.83 years). Serum and saliva samples were collected at trough levels from the patients, who were under the treatment of CBZ, PHT and PHB either alone or in combination of these drugs for at least three months. The drug levels were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results and conclusions: The number of males (n = 88; 75.86%) was higher than females (n = 28; 24.14%) among the recruited patients. The intake of CBZ, PHT and PHB was observed in 49.14%, 68.10% and 38.79% of PWE, respectively. The levels of these AEDs showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between serum and saliva. Interestingly, the levels of mono-therapy or bi-therapy showed a significant association (p < 0.05) between serum and saliva, however, there was no significant association in case of poly-therapy. This is the first report in the Indian population on simultaneous estimation of the three commonly used AEDs, such as CBZ, PHT and PHB in serum and saliva implicating their associations, either in mono-therapy or bi-therapy in PWE. 相似文献
87.
Evaluation of [11C]TAZA for amyloid β plaque imaging in postmortem human Alzheimer's disease brain region and whole body distribution in rodent PET/CT 下载免费PDF全文
88.
Eric S. Wohleb Min Wu Danielle M. Gerhard Seth R. Taylor Marina R. Picciotto Meenakshi Alreja Ronald S. Duman 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2016,126(7):2482-2494
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurring psychiatric illness that causes substantial health and socioeconomic burdens. Clinical reports have revealed that scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant effects in individuals with MDD. Preclinical models suggest that these rapid antidepressant effects can be recapitulated with blockade of M1-type muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-AChR); however, the cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent synaptic and behavioral responses to scopolamine have not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that the antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine are mediated by GABA interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Both GABAergic (GAD67+) interneurons and glutamatergic (CaMKII+) interneurons in the mPFC expressed M1-AChR. In mice, viral-mediated knockdown of M1-AChR specifically in GABAergic neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons, in the mPFC attenuated the antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine. Immunohistology and electrophysiology showed that somatostatin (SST) interneurons in the mPFC express M1-AChR at higher levels than parvalbumin interneurons. Moreover, knockdown of M1-AChR in SST interneurons in the mPFC demonstrated that M1-AChR expression in these neurons is required for the rapid antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine. These data indicate that SST interneurons in the mPFC are a promising pharmacological target for developing rapid-acting antidepressant therapies. 相似文献
89.
Hidehiro Takei Angus Wilfong Amy Malphrus Daniel Yoshor Jill V. Hunter Dawna L. Armstrong Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee 《Neuropathology》2010,30(4):381-391
Dual pathology has previously been reported in less than 10% of cases of Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE). Given the rarity of RE, it appears unlikely that dual pathology in RE is merely a coincidence. We therefore reviewed all cases of RE experienced in our institution to assess for an additional/associated pathology. A total of seven patients with RE were identified in our archives. Seven children (4 boys and 3 girls, age range: 3–16 years, mean: 9.5 years) with medically refractory epilepsy underwent surgical resection for intractable seizures. The surgical specimens were examined with routine neurohistological techniques, and immunohistochemistry was performed with an extensive panel of antibodies for viruses, lymphocytes, microglia/macrophages, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR, astrocytes, and neurons. Relevant literature was reviewed. Microscopically, all seven cases demonstrated the inflammatory pathology of RE in the cortex and white matter with leptomeningeal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, microglial nodules with/without neuronophagia, neuronal loss and gliosis. The HLA‐DR antibody was extremely helpful in highlighting the extent of microglial cell proliferation/activation that was not appreciable with standard histology. An unexpected finding in all seven cases was the presence of cortical dysplasia. In our series of seven cases, there was co‐occurrence of the inflammatory/destructive pathology of RE with malformative/dysplastic features in cortical architecture in 100% of cases, raising questions about the possible relationships between the two entities. Awareness of the possibility of dual pathology in RE is important for clinical and pathological diagnosis, and may affect the management and outcome of these patients. Immunohistochemistry is very helpful to make a definitive diagnosis of both pathologies. 相似文献
90.
Ramasubban G Therese KL Vetrivel U Sivashanmugam M Rajan P Sridhar R Madhavan HN Meenakshi N 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2011,37(4):368-372
This study reports on the structural basis of drug resistance targeting the katG gene in a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strain with two novel mutations (His276Met and Gln295His) in addition to the most commonly reported mutation (Ser315Thr). A structural bioinformatics approach was used to predict the structure of the mutant KatG enzyme (MT). Subsequent molecular dynamics and docking studies were performed to explain the mechanism of isoniazid (INH) resistance. The results show significant conformational changes in the structure of MT leading to a change in INH binding residues at the active site, with a significant increase in the inhibition constant (Ki) of 5.67 μm in the mutant KatG-isoniazid complex (MT-INH) compared with the wild-type KatG-isoniazid complex (WT-INH). In the case of molecular dynamics studies, root mean square deviation (RMSD) analysis of the protein backbone in simulated biological conditions revealed an unstable trajectory with higher deviations in MT throughout the simulation process (1 ns). Moreover, root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis revealed an overall increase in residual fluctuations in MT compared with the wild-type KatG enzyme (WT), whilst the INH binding residues of MT showed a decreased fluctuation that can be observed as peak deviations. Hence, the present study suggests that His276Met, Gln295His and Ser315Thr mutations targeting the katG gene result in decreased stability and flexibility of the protein at INH binding residues leading to impaired enzyme function. 相似文献