乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清IL-2、slL-2R、IL-13及PDGF测定的意义

目的：探讨乙型肝炎患者血清IL-2、sIL-2R、IL-13及PDGF水平的变化及测定的临床意义。方法：150例乙型肝炎患者分为3组（急性肝炎组20例、慢性肝炎组90例和重型肝炎组40例）;设健康人45名作为对照组。前2项血清标志物均采用放射免疫分析;后2项血清指标则采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定。将测定结果进行统计分析。结果：本文测定数值显示,血清IL-2水平急性肝炎患者组水平与对照组比较略有降低,但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;慢性肝炎和重型肝炎2组患者该指标水平则均显著低于对照组（P均〈0.05）。sIL-2R水平显示急性、慢性及重型肝炎3组患者均非常显著地高于对照组（P均〈0.01）,且发现其递增规律与肝炎病情的严重程度呈明显的平行关系。IL-13水平测定结果也显示3组患者均显著高于对照组（P均〈0.05）。PDGF测定值显示,急性肝炎组水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,慢性肝炎和重型肝炎2组水平则较对照组升高更为显著（P均〈0.01）。其水平的递增关系也与病情的严重程度相一致。结论：本文患者4项血清指标水平的变化与乙型肝炎的发病及病情进展有关;其测定有助于了解本病的发生机制和预后评估。     

大黄廑虫丸治疗肾纤维化血瘀证的临床研究

目的：观察大黄座虫丸对肾纤维化血瘀证的,临床疗效,扩大其临床适应证。方法：108例各类慢性肾小球肾炎患者,均经肾穿刺确诊,肾组织纤维化病理积分≥5分,以前瞻、随机、单盲、对照法分为治疗组72例,对照组36例,两组均予贝那普利和潘生丁口服,治疗组另予大黄座虫丸口服,疗程为4个月。结果：两组治疗后Scr、24h尿蛋白定量、血清纤维连接蛋白（FN）、层黏连蛋白（LN）、血栓烷B2（TXB2）、纤溶酶原活化抑制剂（PAI）等水平的改变均较治疗前有明显好转（P〈0．05）,治疗组的血瘀证积分较治疗前及对照组差异都有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,治疗组BUN及TXB2的下降更为显著（P〈0．05）,治疗组的重复肾穿病例,其病理改变显著优于对照组的病例。结论：以上述方法控制肾纤维化进展的临床疗效确切,所检测指标和病理改变差异都有统计学意义．来发现明显毒副作用。     

Diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. Recommendations of the Endoscopy Working Group of the French Society of Pulmonary Medicine

These guidelines on flexible bronchoscopy depict important clues to be known and taken into account while practicing flexible bronchoscopy, in adult, except in emergency situations. This is a practical clarification. Safety conditions, complications, anesthesia, infectious risks, cleaning and disinfection are detailed from a review of the literature. Intensive care practice of bronchoscopy requires more attention due to higher risks patients and is discussed extensively. Standards and performances of the various sampling techniques complete this work. Indications for bronchoscopy, therapeutic and paediatric bronchoscopy are not covered in these guidelines.     

Clinical competence in myocardial perfusion scintigraphic stress testing: general training guidelines and assessment

The suggestion by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) to more than triple the number of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) procedures carried out by the NHS each year is a challenge both in terms of numbers of gamma cameras available to carry out the scans and qualified staff to supervise stress tests. In the past, exercise and pharmacological stress testing have been supervised only by doctors but, increasingly, this is taken on by suitably trained non-medical professionals such as nurses, radiographers and clinical technologists. The expansion of the numbers of non-medical professionals qualified to supervise stress testing will be key to meeting NICE's recommendations. This paper sets out how potential new stressors should be identified, what their training should cover and discusses the standards of competence they should meet. It provides guidelines for training non-medical stressors to perform a safe and efficient stress test during MPS and advice for maintaining competency.     

American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad

The female athlete triad (Triad) refers to the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density, which may have clinical manifestations including eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. With proper nutrition, these same relationships promote robust health. Athletes are distributed along a spectrum between health and disease, and those at the pathological end may not exhibit all these clinical conditions simultaneously. Energy availability is defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure. Low energy availability appears to be the factor that impairs reproductive and skeletal health in the Triad, and it may be inadvertent, intentional, or psychopathological. Most effects appear to occur below an energy availability of 30 kcal.kg(-1) of fat-free mass per day. Restrictive eating behaviors practiced by girls and women in sports or physical activities that emphasize leanness are of special concern. For prevention and early intervention, education of athletes, parents, coaches, trainers, judges, and administrators is a priority. Athletes should be assessed for the Triad at the preparticipation physical and/or annual health screening exam, and whenever an athlete presents with any of the Triad's clinical conditions. Sport administrators should also consider rule changes to discourage unhealthy weight loss practices. A multidisciplinary treatment team should include a physician or other health-care professional, a registered dietitian, and, for athletes with eating disorders, a mental health practitioner. Additional valuable team members may include a certified athletic trainer, an exercise physiologist, and the athlete's coach, parents and other family members. The first aim of treatment for any Triad component is to increase energy availability by increasing energy intake and/or reducing exercise energy expenditure. Nutrition counseling and monitoring are sufficient interventions for many athletes, but eating disorders warrant psychotherapy. Athletes with eating disorders should be required to meet established criteria to continue exercising, and their training and competition may need to be modified. No pharmacological agent adequately restores bone loss or corrects metabolic abnormalities that impair health and performance in athletes with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.     

Basic life support ventilation in mountain rescue. Official recommendations of the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the mountains usually has to be performed under difficult and hostile circumstances and sometimes for extended periods of time. Therefore, mountain rescuers should have the ability and the appropriate equipment to perform prolonged, efficient, and safe ventilation. Members of the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM) discussed the results of a literature review, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of common ventilation techniques in basic life support and their training methods with specific respect to use in mountain rescue, and recommendations were proposed. Bystanders fear the potential risk of infection and lack the willingness to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation, though the risk of infection is low. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation remains the standard technique for bystander ventilation and, in the absence of a barrier device, bystanders should not hesitate to ventilate a patient by this technique. For mountain rescue teams, we encourage the use of a barrier device for artificial ventilation. Mouth-to-mask ventilation devices are most likely to fulfill the requirements of being safe, simple, and efficient in the hands of a basic-trained rescuer. The use of a mouth-to-mask ventilation device is recommended for out-of-hospital ventilation in the mountains and should be part of the mountain rescuer's standard equipment. Bag-valve-mask ventilation is efficient, if performed by well-trained rescuers, but it leads to a low ventilation quality in the hands of a less experienced rescuer. It should be emphasized that regular training every 6 to 12 months is necessary to perform proper ventilation.     

湖北省女性艾滋病感染者流行病学与风险因素分析

目的：从性别视角定量反映艾滋病对湖北省女性的影响及女性感染艾滋病的风险。方法：利用湖北省艾滋病防治数据分析系统,从性别视角对数据进行分析。结果：湖北省女性艾滋病疫情在不同时期呈现出不同的流行特征,目前湖北省女性艾滋病感染总体呈低流行水平。结论：暗娼和女性吸毒者等高危人群数量多、高危行为仍保持一定水平、男男性行为人群的女性性伴受到潜在威胁,是艾滋病影响湖北女性的主要危险因素;2005年之后,随着流行模式的转变,性途径已成为女性感染艾滋病的首要途径,婚内和固定性伴传播成为女性感染艾滋病病毒的重要方式;对艾滋病的防治应纳入社会性别视角。     

武汉市妇幼保健机构人力资源现状分析

目的：通过对武汉市妇幼保健机构人力资源配置现状分析,探讨妇幼保健机构人力资源配置存在的问题。方法：采用统一的调查表,对武汉市14所妇幼卫生机构2000-2009年的人力资源状况进行调查,其调查数据运用SPSS12.0软件进行统计分析。结果：武汉市妇幼保健机构人员数量不断增长,整体素质不断提高,职称结构不断完善,但仍存在人员总量不足、卫生技术人员学历层次较低、职称结构不合理等问题。结论：武汉市妇幼保健机构人力资源配置仍需完善,应制定武汉市妇幼保健人力资源管理发展规划。