Acceptance and utilization of HIV testing among the youth: a cross-sectional study in Techiman,Ghana

BackgroundIn Ghana, efforts including ‘Know Your Status’ campaign have been made to increase awareness and improve the uptake of HIV screening.ObjectiveThis study examined the acceptance and utilization of the HIV/AIDS ‘Know Your Status’ campaign and determine dthe differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics among the youth in Techiman, Ghana.MethodThis study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the youth aged 15–24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected respondents.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 19.6±2.72 years. There was a universal awareness (100%) of HIV/AIDs, and were knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, symptoms and the prevention of HIV. A high proportion of the respondents (n=161, 80.5%) had heard about the ‘Know Your Status’ (KYS) campaign. Less than half of respondents (n=91, 45.5%) had tested for HIV, and only 16.5% (n=15/91) of respondents tested through the KYS campaign. Testing for HIV was associated with age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001).ConclusionThe youth should therefore be targeted in the awareness and the ‘Know Your Status campaigns’, and in an effortsto promote screening for HIV.     

Comparison of immune reconstitution between anti-T-lymphocyte globulin and posttransplant cyclophosphamide as acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic myeloablative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Anti-T-cell lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) and posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) are now widely used strategies to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Data comparing immune reconstitution (IR) between ATLG and PTCy is scarce. This retrospective study conducted at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) compares PTCy (n=123) and ATLG (n=476) after myeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Detailed phenotypes of T, B natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) cells were analyzed by multicolor flow at day 30, 100 and 180 posttransplant. Incidence of infections, viral reactivations, GVHD and relapse were collected. Neutrophil engraftment was significantly delayed in the PTCy group (median day 12 vs. day 10, P<0.001) with a high incidence of infection before day+100 in the PTCy arm but a higher Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in the ATLG arm and comparable cytomegalovirus reactivation. Overall incidence of acute GVHD was similar but moderate/severe chronic GVHD was seen more often after PTCy (44% vs. 38%, P=0.005). ATLG resulted in a faster reconstitution of CD8+ T, NK, NKT and gdT cells while CD4 T cells and B cells reconstituted faster after PTCy. Similar reconstitution was observed for T-regulatory cells and B cells. Non-relapse mortality relapse incidence, disease-free survival, and overall survival did not differ significantly between both arms. Even though differences in IR were related to a decreased incidence of infection and moderate/severe cGVHD in the ATLG group they had no impact on any of the other long-term outcomes. However, it remains undetermined which regimen is better as GVHD prophylaxis.     

经尿道等离子双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生(附80例报告)

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)治疗前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效.方法 采用PKRP治疗BPH80例,随访1～10个月.结果 80例BPH患者均成功手术.术中止血效果满意,无前列腺电切综合征(TURS).国际前列症状评分(I-PSS)由(27.4±3.2)分降至(8.1±4.2)分.最大尿流率(Qmax)由(6.1±1.9)ml/s升至(23.7±3.1)ml/s.结论 PKRP治疗BPH具有创伤小、安全、恢复快、并发症少,是一种治疗BPH的理想方式.     

南通市饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯类含量调查

目的 了解江苏省南通市饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)的污染现状以及自来水厂水处理工艺的净化效果.方法 于2006年3月,采集洪港水厂、狼山水厂、芦泾港水厂、南通港水厂源水、出厂水和管网末梢水.同时,对4家水厂的净化工艺、生产规模和周边环境等情况进行调查.采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定水样中PAEs的浓度.结果 4家水厂水样中主要检出物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP),其含量范围分别为1.25～4.59、0.97～3.57、＜0.30～2.39μg/L.结论 自来水厂常规净水工艺不能有效去除饮用水中的PAEs,应警惕输配水管材的渗析带来的饮用水PAEs污染问题.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定黄芪注射液浓缩液微乳中黄芪甲苷含量

目的:建立黄芪注射液浓缩液微乳中黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用(HPLC-ELSD)。色谱柱:Zorbax C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈∶水(36∶70);检测波长:206nm;灵敏度为0.08 AUFS,流速:1.0 ml/min;柱温:25℃。ELSD参数:漂移管温度为55℃,空气气压280 kPa。结果:黄芪甲苷在0.004 145 6~0.040 456 0 mg/ml时有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 1),平均回收率为96.53%,RSD为0.76%。结论:HPLC-ELSD法具有准确、简便、灵敏度高、无干扰而且重现性好的优点,适合用于黄芪注射液微乳中黄芪甲苷含量的测定。     

一起实验动物型肾综合征出血热流行的调查研究

目的对实验动物型肾综合征出血热疫情进行流行病学调查和病毒学研究,掌握流行特点、疫源范围并控制疫情。方法收集相关流行病学资料,采集大白鼠血清、肺脏组织和接触人群血清标本,用反向被动血凝抑制(RPH I)和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测汉坦病毒抗体或抗原,用RT-PCR法对阳性鼠肺进行汉坦病毒分型。结果2003年5~6月,云南省3个单位的实验动物大白鼠群中发生汉坦病毒流行并导致1人发病,接触人群的平均隐性感染率为20%(15/75);用RPH I和IFA法检测大白鼠血清,汉坦病毒总抗体和IgG抗体阳性率分别为45.99%(63/137)和37.27%(41/110),抗体滴度在1∶20~1∶1 280之间,两种方法检测结果无显著性差异(χ2=1.33,P>0.05);两个疫点单位的大白鼠肺脏组织中汉坦病毒抗原阳性率分别为56.25%(9/16)和35.00%(7/20);用RT-PCR对病毒抗原阳性的大白鼠肺组织进行汉坦病毒分型,证实为汉城型病毒感染。对调查确定的疫点鼠群及饲养场所进行了疫源处理,彻底消灭了传染源,扑灭了疫情。结论本次实验动物型肾综合征出血热流行属汉城型汉坦病毒引起,主要发生在W istar大白鼠鼠群。大白鼠对汉坦病毒高度易感,具有较高的感染率并能产生高滴度的抗体。     

风池穴不同刺法对椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效评价

目的:探究风池穴不同刺法对椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年4月—2019年1月北京中医药大学东直门医院针灸科门诊就诊的84例椎动脉型颈椎病患者作为研究对象,分为观察组43例、对照组41例。观察组采用短刺法针刺风池穴治疗,对照组采用平补平泻法针刺风池穴治疗,1个疗程后比较两组患者的ESCV、颈椎病症状分级量化表评分以及TCD相关指标,TCD指标观察基底动脉和双侧椎动脉的平均血流速度(Vm)、收缩期血流速度峰值(Vs)、血管搏动指数(PI)和血管阻力指数(RI)的变化。结果:治疗前后两组ESCV、颈椎病症状分级量化表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且椎动脉、基底动脉的Vs、Vm较治疗前明显减慢,且观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺风池穴治疗椎动脉型颈椎病临床效果显著,且短刺法优于平补平泻法。     

自体骨髓基质细胞回输促进急性白血病病人化疗后骨髓造血恢复的研究

目的通过回输成纤维集落生成单位（CFU—F）促进骨髓实质细胞造血恢复。减轻白血病化疗的副作用，促进骨髓损伤早日恢复。方法选取经明确诊断的AML患者化疗回输组前后行自身对照，化疗回输前及后采骨髓行红系造血祖细胞（BFU-E）、粒、巨系集落生成单位（CFU—GM）培养，观察化疗回输前后的外周血象。结果化疗回输CFU-F后第3周。其BFU—E、CFU-GM数明显高于化疗回输前的水平（P〈0．05）。同时高于单纯化疗组第3周测得的BFU-E和CFU-GM数（P〈0．05）。结论体外扩增造血基质细胞于化疗自体回输方法，促进了病人造血恢复，对预防和减轻化疗药物造成的骨髓损伤，缩短化疗间期，加大化疗药物剂量，具有理论意义和应用价值。     

中国汉族成人正常（牙合）牙体舌侧形态的测量研究

对中国汉族年轻成人正常（牙合）牙齿的舌侧形态进行三维测量,为研发基于中国人牙体舌侧形态的舌侧直丝弓托槽提供数据参考。方法：采用上海正雅齿科科技有限公司开发的数字化正畸设计系统软件,对普查获得的64副中国汉族正常（牙合）个体的牙齿模型进行三维扫描,并对三维数字模型舌侧面进行计算机定点及测量分析。结果：获得正常（牙合）人群牙齿舌侧的轴倾度、转矩角、冠凸距和尖牙与磨牙补偿角指标的参考值,与国内相关研究结果相近。结论：本研究的测量结果可用于研发中国人舌侧直丝弓托槽标准型。